新概念英語第三冊語法總結：介詞範例

介詞

金牌要點：
“英語是介詞和動詞的語言”，由此可見，掌握介詞的用法何其重要。

學習介詞的最好方法是要弄清楚介詞與介詞之間位置上的關係，請參考下圖：

I．分類：

1．常用簡單介詞：
about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。

2．合成介詞：
inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。

3．短語介詞：
according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。

II．介詞與“……的”之關係：

在英語學習中，一遇到“……的”，大家就會立刻想到’s 所有格或者of。實際上，在很多情況下，“……的”必須藉助於介詞才能準確表達。

以下請同學們重複記憶：
● 美國的冬天→ the winter in America
● 停車場的入口→ the entrance to the parking lot
● 穿過森林的小路→ the path through the forest
● 魯迅的著作→ the works by Lu Xun
● 水中的月亮→ the moon reflected in water
● 歷史的見證→ the witness to history
● 對愛的渴望→ a longing for love
● 對我們不利的證據→ the evidence against us
● 陽光下的漫步→ a walk in the sunlight
● 追求名譽的女人→ a lady after fame
● 兩人之間的爭論→ an argument between the two persons

重要介詞的重要用法：

（1）from：此介詞表示“to”相反的方向。
He came from London.
He went to London.

二詞常搭配使用“from... to...”
We studied English from morning to afternoon.
He'll start from Beijing to Shanghai.

經典用法：
● 由於→ The girl is trembling from fear.
● 免除→ Tramps are always free from care. 流浪漢們總是無憂無慮。
● 分開→ The couple parted from each other at the airport.
● 由……製成→ The red wine is made from grapes. 紅葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的。

由from引導的慣用法：
from far 從遠處
from now / then on 從現在/那時起
from bad to worse 每況愈下
from time to time（occasionally 時而）

習語：
She comes to visit me from time to time.

（2）out of：表示與"into"相反的語意。
He will be out of town.
I stepped out of the dark room.

out of+ 名詞 (= lack, to be without 用完，用光）
He went to the shop because he was out of paper.

out of date (= old-fashioned 過時的）
The book has been out of date.

out of work (= jobless 失業的)
He needs money because be is out of work.

out of the question (= impossible 不可能的)
Finishing the hard work is out of the question.

out of question (= doubtless 毫無疑問的）
That he can do it well is out of question.

out of order（= not functioning 失靈的）
Her radio is out of order, so she can't listen to it.

（3）by：表示從旁經過或在……附近。
He passed by me without saying hello.
He lives by the sea.

經典用法：
● 通過→This is the nearest road by which they came.
● 在……時候→The young man works by day and steals money by night.
● 由……所生→He has two sons by her second wife.
● 抓住→She caught her child by his coat in the flood.
● 按……計算→The farmers sell their apples by the pound.
● 就（氣質，特徵）而言→He is an artist by temperament（氣質）.

用於被動語意，導出動作執行者：
The glass was broken by the boy.

by + 具體時間：
They usually have dinner by 8 o'clock.

by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan...)：
He travelled to Paris by air/plane.

by the end of + 時間名詞：到……末爲止
By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.
By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.

by then：到那時
He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.

by way of (= via)：經由，取道
They are going to the United States by way of Hong Kong.

by the way：順便問
By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?

by far：……得多（用於修飾比較級和最高級）
The book is by far the best on the subject.

by accident：不小心，與on purpose（故意地）語意相反
The wrong information was put into the computer by accident.

（4）in：在……內部，與"out" 語意相反。
All the students are in the classroom.

in + month / year: 在某月/年
in January, in 2000

in time：及時
They arrived at the station in time.

in the way 擋住去路
He couldn't drive his car away because a big stone was in the way.

once in a while 時而
Once in a while, he went to the Museum.

in no time at all 立刻，迅速
He finished his homework in no time at all.

in the meantime 同時
He was having supper, and in the meantime he watched TV.

in a row 坐在某一排上
We sat in the 20th row of the cinema.

in the event that 如果
In the event that you pass the exam, I'll telephone you.

in case 萬一，如果
Bring you raincoat in case it rains.

in the street 在街上
in the past 在過去
in the future 在未來
in the beginning 開始，起初
in the end 最後，終於
get in touch with 與……取得聯繫
keep in touch with 與……保持聯繫

（5）on：位於某物體表面上。
The dishes are on the round table.

on a day / date 在某天及某天的上，下午，晚上
on Wednesday, on February 9th , 1999
on Friday afternoon, on a dark night.

on a / the + (bus, plane, ship, train, bike)
He went to school on a bus.

on a ... street 在某條街道
Mrs. Smith lives on 5th 'Avenue.

on the corner (of two streets) 在兩條街道相交的一角
That shoe store is on the corner of 2nd Street and 5th Avenue.

on the television / the radio 在電視/ 收音機裏
The manager will make a speech onthe TV.

on the telephone 打電話
You are wanted on the phone. 有您的電話

on sale 出售
The books are on salefor $7 each.

on the floor of a building 位於某層樓
on time 準時（比in time 具體）
on the sidewalk 在人行道上
on the way 在途中
on the right/left 在右側/左側
on the whole 總的來說，總體上
on the one hand, or the other hand 一方面，另一方面
on foot 步行

（6）at：此介詞通常用來指某一特定時間和地點。

at + 地點
Mr. Smith lives at 15, 16th Avenue.
注：在某條街道On... street，而在某街某號應用at。

at + 特定時間
At 7:00 in the morning, he goes towork.

at home/school/work 在家上學上班
at night 在晚上
at best 充其量
at times 有時
at peace 和平狀態
at least 至少
at worst 最差
at intervals 間或，時而
at random 隨意，胡亂地
at most 至多
at present 目前，現在
at war 交戰
at leisure 悠閒自得地
at a loss 不知所措
at large 逍遙法外

（7）其它介詞短語：

in place of / instead of 代替
for the most part - mainly 主要地
in hopes of 希望……
off and on 時斷時續
all of a sudden 突然
for good 永遠

（8）“動詞短語+介詞”構成的習語：

break off 結束
The two countries broke off their diplomatic relationship.

call on sb. 要求，拜訪，呼籲
He called on the workers to struggle.

care for 關心，照顧，喜愛
She only cares for new clothes.
I have to care for my son after school.

check on 調查
come along with sb. 伴隨，和某人在一起

come down with 因……而生病
Last summer, many people came down with intestinal disorders.

get by 設法生存
Despite the high cost of living, we will get by on our salary.

get through 完成，接通（電話）
It's not easy to get through the work in a day.
How can I get through to you?

get up 起牀，組織
Aparty will be got up in my house.

hold on to 抓住，堅持
In spite of being a millionaire, he holds on to his usual living ways.

hold up 搶劫，忍受，停止
The bank was held up last night.
He held up very well after the death of his wife.
The work had been held up.

run across 遇見，見到
I ran across some old friends yesterday.

run into 偶然碰見
When Tom was in London, he ran into his good friend at the theatre.

see about 考慮
The young man is seeing about getting a ticket for the football game.

take over for 替代
I took over for Janet because she was ill.

try out 試驗，試行
They are trying out a new idea to help the poor students.

turn in 上交，睡覺
After a tiring day, he turned in early.

watch out for 警覺
Please watch out for thieves.

weigh on sb. 壓迫，使……焦慮
Some problems are weighing on me, so I can't sleep well.

bring up 撫養，提出
count on 依靠、指望
do away with 擺脫
draw up 起草
drop out of (school ... ) 退（學）
figure out 弄明白，弄清楚
find out 發現，查明（事實）
go along with 同意
pass out 昏迷
talk over 討論

測試精編

1. — Where is your hometown?
— It is about 20 miles ________ the east of Chicago.
A. in B. on C. to D. by

2. When I met Jenny, I took a liking ________ her at once.
A. of B. for C. on D. in

3. I am ________ your temper.
A. fed up by B. fed up with
C. fed up because of D. fed up to

4. — Do you like working as a waiter?
— Yes, but I get tired ________ the whole day.
A. with standing B. from standing
C. to stand D. of the standing

5. The accident clearly resulted ________ your carelessness.
A. in B. on C. for D. from

6. — Why do you ask if I've been smoking?
— Because you smell ________ cigarettes.
A. of B. by C. with D. as

7. The colleges vary so greatly that the problem was finally answered only ________.
A. with respect to a specific college
B. getting to specific college
C. with a view to specific college
D. with a regard to a specific college

8. — Have you some other reasons ________ the ones you just mentioned above?
— Yes, I do.
A. in addition B. besides C. off D. beside

9. — Do you ever dance like that in public?
— Certainly not! That would be ________ my dignity.
A. beneath B. under C. beyond D. above

10. —What do you have to do tomorrow?
— I'll have to ________ in a conference.
A. join B. taking part C. attend D. participate

11. Modern technological advances are being made, but ________.
A. with highly considerable expense
B. at a great expense
C. with great expense involved
D. by a lot of expense

12. — Why didn't you go to the lecture yesterday evening?
— ________, I changed my mind.
A. On a second thought B. By the second thought
C. On second thoughts D. By second thoughts

13. ________ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
A. On B. By C. To D. At

14. — Wasn't the issue settled?
— No, the two sides are still ________ conflict.
A. in B. during C. on D. with

15. — How do you like these articles?
— They are not much ________ demand now.
A. on B. in C. at D. for

（後設答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）

KEYS

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B