當前位置

首頁 > 基礎學英語 > 英語語法入門 > 新概念英語第二冊語法總結:名詞大綱

新概念英語第二冊語法總結:名詞大綱

推薦人: 來源: 閱讀: 3.1W 次

名詞:

新概念英語第二冊語法總結:名詞

(一)名詞變複數

1.規則名詞複數形式:
在單數名詞後加“s”  day → days        week → weeks

2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 結尾的名詞後加“es”。
hero → heroes       box → boxes        class → classes
bush → bushes       watch → watches

3.黃金重點:
I.有些以o結尾的外來詞或縮略詞的複數形式只加“s”。
II.以元音字母加o結尾的單詞只加“s”。(不認識的單詞,請你查詞典,懶惰是學英語的唯一大忌。)
piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano教你一招  ☆  
如果以O結尾的名詞有生命力,則該詞彙一般加-es。
hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[ 簡記:黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯。]

4.以輔音加y結尾的名詞變y爲i再加“es”
family → families       city → cities

5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”
key → keys     boy → boys     play → plays     toy → toys

6.以f、fe結尾的名詞,變 f / fe爲 v加 es。
calf → calves        knife → knives

۩ 當心當心:
I.下列名詞直接加“s”。(請大聲朗讀三遍,然後背下。注意讀音!)
roof(房頂),reef(暗礁),chief(首領),cliff(懸崖),grief(悲痛),turf(草皮), belief(信仰),gulf(港灣),dwarf(侏儒),safe(保險箱),sheriff(長官),tariff(關稅)
II.scarf(頭巾),wharf(碼頭),staff(全體職員),handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可變 f爲 v加 es.

(二)不規則名詞複數形式

1. foot → feet  mouse → mice  goose → geese  child → children  ox → oxen  louse → lice  woman → women  man → men

2.單複數同形:
sheep,  deer,  fish,  means,  Chinese,  Japanese,  Swiss,  works,
barracks(兵營) bellows(風箱) kennels(狗窩)

3.一些英語外來詞的複數形式:
crisis→crises 危機
analysis→analyses 分析
oasis→oases 綠洲
parenthesis→parentheses 括號
axis→axes 軸心
ellipsis→ellipses 日蝕
hypothesis→hypotheses 假定
synopsis→synopses 內容提要
erratum→errata 勘誤誤表
addendum→addenda 補遺、附錄
medium→media 媒體
(以上單詞熟悉即可)

(三)複合名詞複數形式

1.中間沒有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變複數:
bookshelf→bookshelves    handful→handfuls

2.man和 woman構成的複合名詞,二者均變爲複數。
man servant → men servants
woman teache r→ women teachers

3.中間有連字符的合成次,在主體詞(中心意義的詞)末尾變複數:
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
looker-on → lookers-on
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief

4.下列合成名詞在後一個詞上變化:
sit-in→sit-ins,    grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys    touch-me-not→touch-me-nots
go-between→go-betweens

(四)名詞所有格

1.在大多數名詞末加“'s”
the boy's toy, men's work

2.以 s結尾的複數名詞直接加“'”
the students' reading room

3.以 s結尾的單數名詞加“'”
Dickens' novels    the actress' performance

4.合成名詞在最後一個詞上加“s”
her brother-in-law's piano.
Somebody else's books. (重要!)
【金牌重點】除用於有生命的人外,“'s”格還可用於度量衡、地域、天體及一些習語中:
an hour's drive,    a mile's journey
ten pounds' weight,    Beijing's weather
the earth's surface
a stone's throw 投石之距離
at one's wits end 智窮計盡
to one's heart's content 盡情地
by a hair's breadth 千鈞一髮
at a snail's pace 緩慢地

5.雙重所有格:
如果被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞修飾。則要採用雙重所有格。
a friend of mine  (名詞性物主代詞)
a child of hers
the love poems of your sister's
注意區別:
● a portrait of her mother 她母親的畫像(畫中人)
● a portrait of her mother's 她母親擁有的畫像中的一幅(不一定是她母親的畫像)

測試精編

1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store     B. shoe's store     C. shoe store     D. shoes' store

2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.
A. ten-dollar                        B. ten-dollars
C. tens-dollar                       D. ten-dollar's

3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.
A. wage and saving                  B. wages and saving
C. wage and savings                 D. wages and savings

4. I want ________ .
A. a dollar worth candy               B. candy a dollar's worth
C. a dollar's worth of candy            D. a dollar worth's candy

surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.
A. have       B. had       C. do       D. has

(後設答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)

KEYS

1. C    2.A     3.D     4. C    5.A