高考英語動詞複習備考語法大全

熱點一：動詞詞義辨析

[熱點透視]考查考生在特定語境中恰當運用動詞能力。

[難點剖析] 備選動詞詞義相近，用法相似。

[考題盤點]

1.（03-25）If anybody calls ,tell them I’m out ,and ask them to ______their name and address.

A. pass B. write C. take D. leave

據題意應選leave, 表“留下”。其餘動詞不合題意，故選D。

[備考策略] ①結合語境，從區別詞義着手；其次從用法上加以區別，如後跟to dodoing做賓語 ，還是跟雙賓語，或者是複合賓語等。

②加強對考綱內重要近義動詞的複習。如：spend ,waste , take, kill；raise, keep, support, feed等。

[過關訓練]

2.（滬04-46） Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ___one-year-old twins at the head.

A. isolated B. separated

C. divided D. removed

3.(浙04-30) If you are feeling so tired ,perhaps a little sleep would ______.

A. act B. help C. serve D. last

Key B B

熱點二、動詞短語辨析

[熱點透視] 考查考生在具體語境中運用動詞短語能力。

[難點剖析] ①備選詞組形近或義近，或二者兼備或同一動詞不同搭配；

② 除涉及詞義辨析外，還結合時態、語態對考生進行綜合考查。

[考題盤點]

4.（03-31）News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down B. have broken out

C. have broken in D. have broken up

此題還涉及時態，增加了試題難度。考查同一動詞不同搭配，break up表打碎，化合物分解，大學放假等；break down 表（機器等）壞掉，（計劃、談判等）失敗，物理分解等；故選A。

5.（04-32）You can take anything from the shelf and read ,but please _____the books when you’ve finished with them.

A. put on B. put down

C. put back D. put off

put是考生熟悉的詞，故此題難度不大，據題意put back 表放回原處，故選C。

[備考策略] ①對詞義相近短語加強詞義辨析，如：make up(構成，組成),take up(佔據時間、空間)，keep up (保持)，hold up（延誤、舉起）；

②部分詞組本身就表被動，如：come up（被提出）；還有一部分詞組無被動語態，如：come about, break out等。

[過關訓練]

6. (京04-35) I don’t ______rock roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with

C. go into D. go in for

7. (津04-33 ) It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____it.

A. got over B. got on with

C. got around D. got out of

Key D A

熱點三：動詞時態

[熱點透視] 進行時、過去時和完成時是考試熱點。

[難點剖析] ①備選答案涉及不同時態的辨析，主要是：一般現在時和一般過去時、一般將來時和過去進行時、過去進行時或一般現在時和完成時、現在完成時和現在完成進行時；

②結合時態、語態對考生進行綜合考查。

[考題盤點]

8. (03-27) All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.

A. has grown B. is growing

C. grew D. had grown

據as可知主從句時態應保持一致，故選C。

9 . (04-30) My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____half of it.

A. was missing B. had missed

C. will miss D. missed

從連詞so得知前後句時態應保持一致，據語境，故選D。

[備考策略] 深入情景，揣摩動作發生順序；重視題幹暗示作用，如時間副詞、並列或從屬連詞等；善於運用時態呼應規律。

[訓練過關]

10. (京04-25) Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering

C. considered D. is going to consider

11. (津04-28) — What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

— I had finished my work and_____ to take a shower.

A. had started B. started

C. have started D. was starting

Key B D

熱點四：動詞語態

[熱點透視] 結合時態、語態對考生進行綜合考查；在具體語境中恰當選用語態能力。

[難點剖析] ①將構成方式爲“vt. +n. + prep.”的動詞短語故意變爲被動語態，增加試題的干擾性。

例 Much attention should be paid to watching the patients.

②“get+p.p”也可表被動，也是考查熱點。

③還有一些過去分詞已轉化爲形容詞，失去被動意義，如：hidden, dressed, lost, seated, etc. 僅表狀態。

④用主動表被動幾種情況：vi.(writeopensellre-ad，etc.) 後跟副詞作狀語，說明主語特徵;won’t +do ,表不起作用，句子主語爲物，be worth doing ,sth +needsdemandswants+doing 表示“需要”的意義。

[考題盤點]

12. （粵04-21）All the employees except the manager _____to work online at home.

A. encourages B. encourage

C. is encouraged D. are encouraged

據題意應用被動語態，故選D。

13. （滬04-30）The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade B. will persuade

C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

答案C形式不對，應用被動語態，故選D。

[備考策略]全國卷近三年單純考查語態的題目沒有，結合時態對考生進行考查是考試熱點；據題幹所反映關係，即主動還是被動，從而恰當選用語態。

[過關訓練]

14. （京04-27)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____by 2008.

A. has been completed

B. has completed

C. will have been completed

D. will have completed

15. （蘇04-26）More patients _____in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated B. have treated

C. had been treated D. have been treated

Key C D

熱點五：動詞語氣

[熱點透視] 祈使句結構（結構中連詞、陳述句的時態和直接以動詞開頭構成的祈使句與非謂語動詞的區別是熱點。）

[難點剖析] ①祈使句(動詞或動詞短語)+andor +謂語，用將來時或情態動詞的陳述句；

②否定結構的構成：直接在祈使句前加Don’tNever；

③反意疑問句的構成：以let’s…構成的反意疑問句，用shall we提問；其餘情況用will won’t you 提問。

[考題盤點]

16. (03-24) —Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to …

—Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker,and _____ forget it!

A. do B. didn’t

C. did D. don’t

此題考查祈使句否定結構的構成，同時涉及時態。句末感嘆號很重要，據題意選D。

17.（04-22）Let’s keep to the point or we _____any decisions.

A. will never reach B. have never reached

C. never reach D. never reached

據難點剖析得知，陳述句用將來時，故選A。

[備考策略] 近三年沒有出現有關虛擬語氣的題目，以前出現if條件句中虛擬語氣的基本用法；牢固掌握上述難點剖析中的第一條。

[過關訓練]

18.（滬04-44)— English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

—Yes. _____more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing

C. To know D. Known

19.（鄂04-34） _____straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.

A. Go B. Going

C. If you go D. When going

Key A A

熱點六：系動詞

[熱點透視] 系動詞的基本用法；get+p.p。

[難點剖析] ①系動詞後跟形容詞或名詞作表語，不用被動語態，無進行時。become後跟名詞作表語時，若名詞不表職位則保留冠詞；turn後不接冠詞。 ②seemlookappear的區別；

③continuestaylastkeepremain既可作動詞又可作系動詞，注意各自不同用法。

表一

單詞 意義區別 用法區別 相同點

appear 外表給人的印象，暗含事實並非如此 There appears to be; It appears that;Sb appears to do 後跟to be；均可跟as iflike

seem 判斷有一定依據，接近事實 There seems to be; It seems that;Sb seems to do

look 視覺給人的印象 Sb looks to be

表二

單詞 特殊用法

last 表“夠用，足夠維持”講，用作系動詞。如：The water supply should last another two days.作“延續、持續”講，後常接adv.prep. 如：The hot weather will last for three days.；lasting

continue 延伸How far does the road continue? ；continue to dodoing; 繼續走、接着說We continued along the road for some time.；continued繼續地、連續地

remain 別人離開後繼續留在某地（指人或物）；It remains to be done有待於；It only remains for me to saythank 我最後想說﹨感謝；remaining 剩餘的；保存，留存Few of his works remain.

stay 人臨時性地留在某地，過訪或做客；stay to dinerfor lunch；stay home

keep 經營; 贍養，飼養，照顧；keep doing ；保鮮、食物不壞Eat the fish because it won’t keep till tomorrow.；慶祝，過（節日等）keep Christmas

[考題盤點]

20. （03-30）Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____fresh for several days.

A. be stayed B. stay

C. be staying D. have stayed

系動詞不用於被動語態，故選B。

21. （04-28）Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____before the party.

A. get changed B. get change

C. get changing D. get to change

此題考查get +p.p 的用法。此結構既可表被動又可表狀態，故選A。

[備考策略] ①掌握常見系動詞的基本用法，如：come true, go bad, fall ill, grow rich等；

②聯繫記憶turn come out to be以及promise（表預示），make（表變爲，證明爲，如：If you train hard, you will make a good teacher.)；considerthinkbelievesupposeetc.+ to be ，尤其是上述動詞用於被動語態中，務必注意to 後時態和語態。

例 The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

[過關訓練]

22. (鄂04-30) On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____pale.

A. got B. changed

C. went D. appeared

23. (滬04-34) The flowers _____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell B. smelling

C. smelt D. to be smelt

Key C B

熱點七：情態動詞

[熱點透視] 情態動詞表推測的用法；情態動詞的完成時。

[難點剖析] mustcan’tshouldn’tneedn’tought toetc.+ have done 的意義及用法；shall 用於二、三人稱表允諾，命令，警告，強制等；must, can, may表推測用法見下表。

表三

單詞 用法

must 用於肯定句中，肯定語氣最強。must not表“禁止”。

can 不用於肯定句中，肯定語氣次之。若用於肯定句中，表偶爾一時的特徵。can’t表“不可能”。

may 用於肯定句中，肯定語氣最弱。may not表“可能不”。

[考題盤點]

24.(03-28) A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

A. should B. can

C. must D. will

此題考查can表可以、能夠的用法，故選B。

25.(04-29) — Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

— No, it ____be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

A. can’t B. must not

C. won’t D. may not

can’t 表不可能，語氣肯定，破折號加以註釋，據題意，選A。

[備考策略]①考生應熟練掌握情態動詞used towould表過去常常的區別；canmay表許可的區別；shouldought to表應該的區別；couldbe able to表能力的區別。

②側重於情態動詞表推測的用法和情態動詞的完成時。

[過關訓練]

26. (遼04-29) —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. _____I go out and play with Tom for a while?

— No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now.

A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t

C. May not D. Won’t

27. (浙04-26) I ____pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.

A. should B. might

C. would D. could

Key A A

熱點八：非謂語動詞

[熱點透視] 非謂語動詞作狀語、定語和補語

[難點剖析] ①非謂語動詞作狀語：注意前後邏輯主語一致；結合省略對考生進行綜合考查；區別祈使句式和並列結構，關注標點符號，在解題時尤爲關鍵。

②非謂語動詞作定語：不定式作定語表動作尚未發生，與所修飾名詞構成動賓關係。若不定式邏輯主語同時也爲句子主語，用主動表被動，反之用被動(如：I’m leaving on business. Do you have anything to be taken there?)，另還需注意不及物動詞加介詞；現在分詞作定語表動作正在進行或習慣性經常性動作；過去分詞作定語表動作完成，與所修飾名詞構成動賓關係。

③非謂語動詞作補語：能後跟非謂語動詞作賓補的動詞數量有限，格外注意使役動詞和感官動詞；爲增加試題的干擾性，將賓語和補語分離改作定語從句的先行詞(如：The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.)或將作賓補改作主補(如：The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.)；注意“with+ n.pron.+補語”結構的用法。

④動詞不定式作狀語、定語時，注意避開定向思維的干擾。

例 Which do you enjoy to kill your spare time—watching TV or playing football?

⑤疑問詞+to do 的用法。

例 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.

[考題盤點]

28. (02-34) The research is so designed that once ____nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun

C. beginning D. begun

此題結合省略考查過去分詞的用法，完整的從句爲once it was begun,故選D。

29. (03-22) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking

C. to smoke D. smoked

現在分詞作主補，是find+n.+doing sth的變形，故選B。

[備考策略] 明辨關係，看動作進展，充分考慮時態和語態，慎重選擇三種形式。

[過關訓練]

30. (京04-29)_____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait B. Have waited

C. Having waited D. To have waited

31. The disk, digitally ____in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded B. recording

C. to be recorded D. having recorded

Key: C A

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