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託福獨立寫作如何給出合理觀點避免扣分?立論點需躲開這2個雷區

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託福獨立寫作因爲論點問題而扣分的情況並不少見。。下面小編就來重點解讀兩種託福獨立寫作中的論點扣分問題,一起來看。

託福獨立寫作如何給出合理觀點避免扣分?立論點需躲開這2個雷區

 託福獨立寫作如何給出合理觀點避免扣分?立論點需躲開這2個雷區

託福獨立寫作觀點扣分情況分析

在托福考試的兩篇作文要求中,綜合寫作因爲其文章要求所以不存在觀點方面的扣分,而獨立寫作由於需要更爲完整的論述過程,因此對考生在提煉和展開文章論點方面就由較高要求了。考生在論點上出問題的情況主要有以下兩類:

1. 觀點太空泛無法寫全寫透

相信看過一些託福寫作指導經驗類資料的考生都會發現,指導經驗中經常會要求大家儘量樹立一些比較具體細節的觀點來寫,這其實很好理解,因爲越具體能寫的東西就越多。太過抽象空泛的觀點想要寫好,論述得言之有理是比較困難的,而且經常會出現論述不全面或是沒有展開就結束的問題。考慮到託福寫作的時間有限,觀點樹立得太空泛就相當於考生自己給自己挖坑,最後論述不到位缺乏說服力其實都是因爲自己沒有樹立好觀點。

舉例來說,某篇作文的題目是關於移動電話對人類生活的影響。如果考生寫出的是很寬泛的“移動電話對人類生活影響很大”,雖然之後看似可以寫很多內容,但實際上是很容易寫不到點子上的,因爲能說的話太多大家反而不知道如何突出重點了。這種時候大家其實完全可以寫移動電話對衣食住行中任意一點的影響。有了更爲細節的內容,展開起來纔會更加方便,考生也能根據自己的喜好給出更有說服力的論據,提升文章內容的質量。

另一篇作文的題目是廣告帶給社會的干擾。既然是干擾當然應該有具體內容。如果觀點只是說廣告會產生負面影響那也有觀點太空泛的嫌疑,之後具體要展開同樣會不太好寫。大家可以收縮一下觀點,比如從廣告的誤導性來具體展開,是不是腦子裏一下子就多出了很多例子有很多話想說了?想要讓文章內容更有乾貨,觀點太過空泛是一定要避免的。

2. 論點太窄無法進一步展開

另一種比較常見的論點則與上面的情況正好相反,那就是論點太窄了。大家需要明白一點,一篇理想的高分獨立寫作文章,考生不僅需要有主論點,也需要有分論點,2-3箇中間段其實就是讓大家在主論點的基礎上拓展出多個分論點然後分段論述的。如果考生的主論點就太過狹窄,那麼後續拓展分論點就很難繼續下去了,無話可寫只能翻來覆去重複主要論點,文章的水準可想而知。

小編同樣舉個實例來說明論點太窄的危害性。比如某次考試的題目是討論爲什麼有些人喜歡參加危險的極限運動。如果你直接給出的觀點是極限運動能夠放鬆自己緩解生活壓力。那這個論點想要進一步展開的空間其實就很小了。但如果你把論點寫得寬一點,比如極限運動能夠帶來很多益處,之後完全可以把緩解壓力作爲分論點來寫,這樣的論點既方便自己展開觀點,也更容易找到各類論據進行論述支持。

總而言之,對一篇類似於託福獨立寫作要求的立論文來說,觀點太空或是太窄都是大忌,會給自己後續的論述展開帶來很多困難。小編希望大家通過上文內容學到正確的樹立提出論點的寫作思路,結合合理論述寫好託福獨立作文。

  善用媒體資源,提升託福寫作能力

一、善用媒體資源三步走

第一步:腦中有題,心裏不慌。

在蒐集語料之前,各位考生務必花2個小時的時間熟悉一下近年來託福寫作的機經真題,對考試的範圍、題材等基本要素有所瞭解。這樣做是爲了有的放矢、節省時間。例如託福寫作中基本不涉及政治、宗教等敏感話題,也很少出現生命科學、電子信息等具體的技術問題,因此考生在搜索語料時應該有一定的標準和明確的目標。

第二步:去粗取精,提煉精華。

網絡上能夠搜索到的媒體資源有很多,但並不是所有資源都可以利用、值得利用。文韜老師在此爲各位考生確定兩項原則:一是語言必須高大上,例如New York Times、USA Today、The Economist等。這些歐美國家主流媒體有良好的聲譽,使用的語言優美、簡練,且經過資深編審把關,值得信賴。二是選擇有效信息。新聞、評論等文章一般呈現“倒金字塔”的機構,最重要的信息通常出現在開頭部分,之後很可能旁徵博引,敘述很多內容,因此考生務必明確一個主題,選擇最重要、最有用的信息組織語料,用3-4句話把事情說清楚、說具體。

第三步:聽說讀寫,全面提升。

一段好的語料可以從多個角度充分利用。例如在通讀文章的過程中可以使用託福閱讀的一些技巧,分清論點、論據、跳過修飾讀主幹、快速梳理句間邏輯等。閱讀之後可以按照託福口語考試的要求進行復述,並針對一些現象給出簡單的評價。還可以根據音頻、視頻資料鍛鍊聽力能力,擴大詞彙量。整理好的語料也可以提煉句型,進行仿寫練習。

二、範文演練

接下來文韜老師帶各位考生具體感受一下。例如我們點擊USA TODAY官網,發現科技版頭條新聞“Uber首席執行官表態降價要玩真的(Uber CEO is serious about keeping prices down)”,我們就可以按照閱讀的規則技巧快速瀏覽,找出文章中有價值的信息。原文鏈接附上:

然後我們用3-4句話總結有用的信息,形成語料:

The CEO of the world biggest ridesharing service Uber Technologies, is serious about the company’s goal of keeping prices low for his customers. During the press conference, the CEO several times brought his arm down emphatically and pointed out that Uber wants to make the cost of its service cheaper than owning a car. To walk the line between capitalism and humanitarianism, Uber needs detailed data about the demand for its service. But always having a reliable ride is what he wants on Uber, and the sharing mode will be so reliable that every customer won’t have to schedule a ride in advance.

這樣一段語料中包含了安全可靠、方便快捷、減少花費等豐富的信息,根據不同題目適當修改,就可以作爲很好的例證來使用。如果我們在這段語料前面加上一句觀點,做爲統領例證的分論點,比如減少花費、安全可靠對人們出行是很重要的,那麼就可以構造成一個完整的段落。此外,針對一些具體題目,我們也可以直接使用。例如在討論商人是不是隻看重金錢一題時,我們就可以用這個例子作爲反駁的依據,像Uber這樣成功的科技公司的CEO更看重客戶的需求。

一般來說,考生只要用這種方法整理約20個不同題材的語料,就可以輕鬆搞定託福寫作和口語中的“Independent Task”。當然,備考時間相對充裕的考生還可以從多個角度利用語料提升語言能力。例如針對託福口語考試,我們可以根據語料對Ridesharing這種現象進行復述和評價,也可以聽關於Uber公司的音頻積累科技、交通類的詞彙等。

  託福寫作中可以借鑑的連詞

1. However

1)We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors.我們原以爲這些數據正確,不過我們現在發現了一些錯誤。

2)However, he smothered, as best he was able, these feelings.然而,他盡其所能抑制住了這些感情。

3)If, however, you are an extrovert you are quite likely to enjoy it.然而,如果你是一個性格外向的人,你很可能會喜歡它。

4)It was, however, a little disappointing.不過,這有點兒令人失望。

2. Nonetheless

1) The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.這本書篇幅太長,但是很有知識性和趣味性。

2) The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.問題不嚴重, 不過我們還是需要儘快處理。

3) Nonetheless, it contains an element of truth.然而它也有些道理。

3. Nevertheless

1) He was very tired, nevertheless he kept working.他累得很,然而仍繼續工作。

2) There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.我們幾乎沒有可能改變法律。不過,重要的是我們努力爭取。

3) Nevertheless, they deserve notice and respect.然而,他們應該受到重視和尊敬。

4. By comparison

1) He was mortified by comparisons between his classmates’ good marks and his own.拿自己的成績與同學們的優異成績相比較他感到羞愧。

2) By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.相比之下,去年教育經費增加了。

5. By contrast

1) By contrast, she was much more outspoken.對比起來,她坦率得多。

2) When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.看看他們的新系統,我們的相比之下就顯得太過時了。

6. Therefore

1) He is young and therefore easily pervertible.他年輕,因而容易變壞。

2) All sincere opinions should therefore be respected.因此一切誠懇的意見都應該收到尊重。

3) He is highly strung, and therefore, subject to heart attacks.他神經高度緊張,所以很容易發心髒病。

4) Therefore energy is now not a peripheral but a central issue in the economy.因此,能源在現時經濟中並非枝節問題而是一箇中心問題。

5) We have a growing population and therefore we need more and more food.我們的人口越來越多,因此我們需要越來越多的食物。

7. Hence

1) It’s handmade and hence expensive.這是手工製作的,因此價格很貴。

2) The computer has become smaller and cheaper and hence more available to a greater number of people.計算機已向小型低價的方向發展,從而使更多的人能夠用上。

8. Thus

1) Life was thus made richer.生活因此變得更加豐富充實了。

2) We have failed. Thus we have to take the consequences.我們失敗了。因此,我們只得承擔後果。

3) We hope the new machine will work faster, thus reducing our costs.我們希望新機器將工作得更快,從而降低成本。

4) We’re able to do in-depth research and thus spot future trends.我們能作深度的研究,因而能看出來未來的趨向。

5) Old people often try to economize on heating, thus endangering their health.老年人常常想方設法節約暖氣,結果損害了他們的健康。

6) The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大學擴招了,這樣就使更多人能有機會接受高等教育。

7) A rise in incomes will create increased purchasing power, thus stimulating demand for goods and services.收入增加會提高購買力,從而刺激對商品及服務行業的需求。

8) We give money to charities, and thus salve our consciences.我們給慈善事業捐款,從而使自己的良心得到寬慰。

9. In view of

1) In view of the recent developments, we do not think this step advisable.考慮到最近事態的發展,我們認爲這一步不可取。

2) Voluntary work was particularly important in view of the fact that women were often forced to give up paid work on marriage.考慮到婦女婚後常常被迫放棄有償工作,志願工作就尤爲重要。

10. More often than not

1) Food is scarce and more often than not they go hungry.食物特別少,所以他們經常捱餓。

2) More often than not, his dog will try to bite his guests.他的狗經常會去咬客人。

11. On the one hand

1) On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but on the other, they don’t want to give up their freedom.一方面,他們想要孩子,但另一方面,他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。

2) The firm was accommodating its customers on the one hand and making aggressive demands on the other.這家公司一方面儘量給顧客提供方便,另一方面則向他們大提要求。

12. For instance

1) What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing?比如說,如果你發現有職員偷東西,你會怎麼辦?

2) It is a very nice town; it’s got very nice shops for instance.那是座非常好的城鎮;例如,它有很好的商店。

3) Taking advertising for instance.以廣告爲例。

4) Let’s take Napoleon, for instance.以拿破崙爲例。

5) Murder, petty theft and tax evasion, for instance, all have different motives and consequences.比如謀殺、小偷小摸和逃稅,都有不同的動機和後果。

  託福寫作範文:人們購買東西是出於虛榮而非需求,是否認同?

寫作題目

Do you agree or disagree with the statement: People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them. 人們買一些東西並不是出於需求,而是因爲其他人也擁有它們,是否認同?

寫作範文

In recent decades, international trades and improving living standards have largely contributed to the large scale of purchase of products. The reason behind this commercial behaviors either comes from individual’s needs for them or from envy of those who have already possessed them. From my perspective, the essential motive behind the scene would be for individual purposes.

Admittedly, people would sometimes buy the products because friends or classmates have them. it is not rare to see that after a high school studens has bought a newly-released iPad and bring it to the class, other friends would be at first gathering around him to witness how the product runs and then beg their parents to buy the one for them. For them, buying the newest generation iPad might bring them attention from others, which has nothing to do with the functionality of product. However, on balance, this only happens for within a small number of people, especially young students and women. For other consumers, they would be wise in choosing what they want. In this regard, more people are buying products out of their needs.

To begin with, for college students, they are inclined to buy what they really want. In other words, due to limited living expenses monthly, most of them could not buy whatever they want. According to the recent survey conducted on Sina Weibo, after polling 500 students in universities from Beijing, most of them claim that each month they have to manage their living expenses within 1500 yuan. Not only does this sum of money have to cover meal bills, clothing and fees for textbooks, but it also have to deal with emergencies. Under this circumstance, normally they have to make a plan for money use, and try to avoid buying things with little practical use. This explains why college students in Beijing rarely buy the newest generation of iPhone or pay for monthly travel, and they have to put the money either on textbooks or living necessities.

In addition, male adults are another group of consumers who make purchase based on real needs. For example, for those who decide to buy a car, the motive is mostly because the car could help family member to tackle emergencies or drive them to the suburb for a relaxing weekend. Also, for those who decide to equip with a new Macbook, the motive might have something to do with work requirement, which asks them to process the data faster and more accurately. Moreover, for those who deicide to spend money on applying for MBA in business school, the motive might be related to career development. A wider caree insight cultivated from MBA would give them a broader window of success in the work. Seeing from this, it is the utilitarian purpose that makes male adults buy real products.

To sum up, although it is normal to see some customers making impulsive purchase since, most of the rational customers would buy products out of their needs.