（雙語）《中國交通運輸發展》白皮書 4
運輸工具技術水平不斷提高。截至2015年年底，鐵路主要幹線全部實現內燃、電力機車牽引，客貨運輸車輛品種和結構均實現升級換代。民用汽車數量達到17228萬輛，公路客貨營運車輛總數達1473萬輛，貨運車輛平均噸位數由6.3噸增加至7.5噸，專用貨車（含甩掛運輸車輛）佔比由5.1%提高至27.2%，營運客車高檔化、舒適化和貨運車輛大型化、專業化程度不斷提高。水上運輸船舶達16.6萬艘，海運船隊運力總規模達1.6億噸，內河貨運船舶平均噸位超過800噸，高等級航道通航水域船型標準化率達到50%，船舶大型化、專業化和標準化發展趨勢明顯。民航擁有運輸飛機在冊架數2650架，通用航空企業擁有在冊航空器1904架。郵政業擁有各類汽車24.4萬輛、國內快遞專用貨機71架。
Means of transport and technology have been improved. By the end of 2015, all railway trunk lines had realized diesel and electric locomotive traction; types and structures of passenger and freight transport vehicles had been upgraded and updated. Civil automobiles numbered 172.28 million; highway passenger and freight transport vehicles in operation totaled 14.73 million; the average tonnage of freight transport vehicles increased from 6.3 to 7.5 tons; the proportion of special-use freight vehicles (including trailers) rose from 5.1 percent to 27.2 percent; passenger transport vehicles in operation have become advanced and comfortable, while freight transport vehicles have become larger and have been specified for various uses. Water transport vessels numbered 166,000; ocean cargo fleet had a total capacity of 160 million tons; inland waterway freight transport vessels had an average tonnage of more than 800 tons; the rate of standard ship types operating in navigable waters of high-grade waterways reached 50 percent; transport vessels have been developed towards large-size, specialized-use and standard types. Civil aviation had 2,650 registered planes, while general aviation had 1,904. Postal services had 244,000 transport vehicles and 71 cargo planes for domestic express delivery.
初步建立高效的安全監管和海上應急救助體系。建立和完善國家海上搜救和重大海上溢油應急處置部際聯席會議制度，海上搜救打撈力量持續增強，搜救志願者隊伍不斷擴大。初步構建了廣泛覆蓋、反應迅速、立體高效的水上交通安全監管和海上應急保障體系。
An efficient safety regulation and maritime emergency aid system has been established. China has established and improved the inter-ministerial joint conference system for maritime search and rescue, and major marine oil spill emergency disposal. It has also improved its maritime search and rescue efforts and increased the number of volunteers. Overall, China has preliminarily built an extensive, prompt and efficient system of waterway transport safety regulation and maritime emergency support.
（三）科技創新和應用
Technology Innovation and Application
基礎設施建設技術世界領先。高速鐵路、高寒鐵路、高原鐵路、重載鐵路技術邁入世界先進行列，高速鐵路成爲“中國製造”和“走出去”的新名片。高原凍土、膨脹土、沙漠等特殊地質的鐵路、公路建設技術克服世界級難題，青藏公路、青藏鐵路先後建成通車運營。陸續建成一批世界級特大橋隧，特大橋隧建造技術達到世界先進水平。離岸深水港建設關鍵技術、巨型河口航道整治技術、長河段航道系統治理技術以及大型機場工程建設技術世界領先，實施港珠澳大橋、洋山港集裝箱碼頭、長江口深水航道治理等系列重大工程。
China leads the world in infrastructure construction. China’s technologies for high-speed, alpine, plateau and heavy-haul railways have reached the world’s advanced level, while high-speed railways have become a symbol of made-in-China and going-global products. Railway and highway construction technologies have overcome world-level geological challenges such as plateau permafrost, and expansive soil and desert. The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been completed and they have been opened to traffic. A number of world-class large bridges and tunnels have been built with globally advanced construction technologies. China’s key construction technologies for offshore deep-water ports, improved technologies for large estuary waterways and long waterways, and construction technologies for large-scale airports are leading the world. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Yangshan Port Container Terminal, Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Improvement Project, and other major construction projects have been carried out.
裝備製造技術快速進步。以高速列車、大功率機車爲代表的一批具有自主知識產權的高性能鐵路裝備技術達到世界先進水平，部分達到世界領先水平。新能源道路運輸裝備初步實現產業化。自主研製的支線客機、通用飛機、直升機已交付使用，C919大型客機總裝下線，中國成爲世界上爲數不多的能夠自主研製大飛機的國家。大型專業化碼頭裝卸設備製造、海工機械特種船舶、集裝箱成套設備製造技術領先世界，300米飽和潛水取得創新性突破。郵政光學字符識別（OCR）、視頻補碼、碼址校驗等分揀技術處於世界領先水平。
Equipment manufacturing has made rapid progress. High-performance railway equipment technologies with proprietary intellectual property rights, represented by high-speed railways and high-power locomotives, have reached the advanced world level, with some of them leading the world. New-energy road transport equipment has realized preliminary industrialization. Feeder liners, general aviation aircraft and helicopters independently developed by China have been put into use, and the C919 airliner has rolled off the assembly line, making China one of the few countries capable of developing large airliners independently. China’s manufacturing technologies for large, specialized equipment for terminal loading and unloading, special marine engineering machinery vessels and complete sets of container transport equipment are world-leaders, while its 300-m saturation diving technology has achieved a breakthrough. Sorting technologies in postal services, including optical character recognition (OCR), video complement and address check via bar code have reached the world’s top level.
