雙語科技百科(地理) 第23期 京杭大運河
The Earliest and Longest Man一made Canal一Jinghang Canal
Jinghang Canal is called canal for short. It is known as the greatest chi-na ancient project with the Great Wall. Since being founded in 5th ten-tury，the canal has had two large-scale expeditions within Sui and Yuan two dynas-ties. Having the length of 1794 kilometers，15 times longer than Suez Canal and 32 times Panama Canal，Jinghang Canal is the main sea line combining the north and the south in our country.
京杭大運河簡稱運河，與萬里長城並列爲中國古代最偉大的工程之一。始建於公元前5世紀，後經隋、元兩次大規模擴建。全長1794千米，是蘇伊士運河的16倍，巴拿馬運河的33倍，是中國重要的一條南北水上幹線。The canal begins from Beijing and ends in Hang Zhou crossing Tianjing，He-bei，Shangdong，Jiangshu and Zhejiang，linking not only Haihe River，the Yellow River but also Huaihe River and Yangtze River. So it is the second prime channel only following Yangtze River in China.
它北起北京，南至杭州，經過北京、天津、河北、山東、江蘇、浙江六省市，溝通了海河、黃河、淮河、長江、錢塘江五大水系，是中國僅次於長江的第二條“黃金水道”。
Though the canal cannot be wholly open to navigation currently，its seasonal navigation length has reached 1100 kilometers，mainly distributed in the south of Huanghe River. It reduces the burden of railway goods transportation，especially for the short and middle distance transportation of coal and building material，mak-certain difference in promoting the district economic and enforcing the north-communication. The canal continues to play an important role in ocean ship-
目前，大運河雖不能全程通航，但季節性通航里程已達1100千米，主要分佈在黃河以南的山東、江蘇和浙江三省。對分擔鐵路的貨流，特別是承擔煤炭、建材等的中短途運輸任務，對發展地區經濟，加強南北交流，起到了一定的作用。今天，大運河將繼續發揮其重要的作用。The whole course of the Great Canal covers seven sections:the one from the city zone of Beijing to Tongxian County is called the Tonghui River, from Tonpxian County to Tianjin called the North Canal，from Tianjin to Linqing called the South Ca-nal，from Linqing to Tairzhuang called the Lu Canal，from Tairzhuang to Huaiyin called the Central Canal，from Huaiyin to Yangzhou called the Inner Canal，and across the Yangtze River the one from Zhenjiang to Hangzhou called the Jiangnan Canal.
京杭大運河是由人工河道和部分河流、湖泊共同組成的，全程可分爲七段:(1)通惠河:北京市區至通縣(今北京通州區);(2)北運河:通縣至人津市;(3)南運河:天津至臨清;(4)魯運河:臨清至臺兒莊;(5)中運河:臺兒莊至清江;(6)裏運河:清江至揚州，人長江;(7)江南運河:鎮江至杭州。
