土耳其必須尋求共識而非報復
After the rebellion come the reprisals. Only hours after tanks rolled on to the Bosphorus bridges in an attempt to topple Turkey’s government, president Recep Tayyip Erdogan was hailing the failed coup as a “gift from God”, as it presented an opportunity to “cleanse” the armed forces. By Sunday, thousands of military personnel were under arrest, thousands of judges sacked and calls to bring back the death penalty were trending on Twitter.
反叛之後就是報復。企圖推翻土耳其政府的坦克開上博斯普魯斯大橋僅數小時之後，土耳其總統雷傑普•塔伊普•埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)把這次失敗的政變稱爲“真主送來的禮物”，因爲它提供了一次“清洗”該國武裝力量的機會。到上週日，數千名軍人被逮捕，數千名法官被解僱，Twitter上出現了大量要求恢復死刑的呼聲。
There can be no justification for the coup attempt, which recalls some of the worst moments in Turkey’s history. In a night of shocking violence, bombs hit parliament and helicopters fired on civilians. More than 260 people were killed and some 1,500 injured in battles between loyal and rebel factions in the police and security forces, and between soldiers and civilians who came out to oppose them.
這次政變企圖不可能有開脫的理由，它讓人回想起土耳其歷史上一些最糟糕的時刻。在一個令人震驚的暴力之夜，炸彈轟擊了國會，直升機朝平民開火。警察和安全部隊的忠誠派和叛亂派之間發生了戰鬥，士兵與出來阻止他們的平民發生對抗，逾260人死亡，約1500人受傷。
While previous coups had some public support, few in Turkey now want the armed forces to interfere with elected governments. Leaders of all political parties were swift to condemn the attempt. Senior generals remained loyal. And when Mr Erdogan called on his supporters to come on to the streets, tens of thousands responded.
儘管以前的政變得到過一定程度的民衆支持，但如今，土耳其很少有人希望軍方干預民選政府。各政黨的領袖迅速對政變企圖發出譴責。高級將領們仍保持忠誠。當埃爾多安號召他的支持者走上街頭時，得到成千上萬人的響應。
However, while the government has now regained control, this is far from being an unalloyed victory for Turkish democracy. The uprising underlines the deepening divisions in Turkish society. Mr Erdogan retains the passionate support of around half the electorate, but he has made no concessions to the concerns of other groups. He has driven secularists and liberals into a state of fury and despair, and inflamed ethnic and religious tensions.
然而，儘管政府現在已奪回了控制權，但這對於土耳其民主而言絕不是一次真正的勝利。這次叛亂凸顯了土耳其社會中不斷加深的分裂。埃爾多安仍得到大約半數選民的熱情支持，但他沒有對其他羣體的關切做出絲毫讓步。他把世俗主義者和自由派人士逼入憤怒與絕望，加劇了種族和宗教緊張。
In the absence of effective parliamentary opposition, he has stifled the media, stamped on street protests, and purged rivals from state institutions. He has proved willing to play the nationalist card for electoral gain, reigniting the smouldering conflict in the Kurdish south-east. He is intent on constitutional changes that would still further cement his grip on power.
由於在議會中沒有有效的反對派，他壓制媒體，鎮壓街頭抗議，清洗國家機構中的對手。事實證明，他願意爲了選舉獲勝打民族主義牌，重新引燃東南部庫爾德人地區逐步醞釀的衝突。他意圖修訂憲法，使自己得以更牢固地掌握權力。
This is an environment in which frustrations can easily spill over into violence. There is no denying the courage of the people who tackled tanks on Friday night; but there have also been some reports of ugly mob justice.
在當前環境下，挫敗感很容易演化成暴力。上週五晚民衆上街與坦克交涉時，表現出了不可否認的勇氣；但是，也有一些關於醜陋的暴民正義的報道。
It is unclear who masterminded the coup attempt. Mr Erdogan accuses followers of the US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen, former allies who have become bitter rivals. But there are other causes of disaffection in the army, including the government’s policy in Syria.
目前尚不清楚是誰策劃了這起政變。埃爾多安譴責了身在美國的神職人員費特胡拉•居倫(Fethullah Gulen)的追隨者，這些曾經的盟友如今已變成了仇恨的對手。但是，軍方的不滿也有其他緣由，包括政府對敘利亞的政策。
What is clear is that further repression will worsen the situation. Factional infighting has already weakened Turkey’s police and security forces, which have struggled to counter terrorist attacks by Isis jihadis and Kurdish rebels. The fresh purge could be a damaging distraction. Moreover, Mr Erdogan has already taken the opportunity to strike directly at the constitutional court — the last institution capable of withstanding his edicts.
顯而易見的是，進一步的壓制將令局勢更加惡化。派系內鬥已削弱了土耳其的警察和安全部隊，他們一直難以對抗“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國”(ISIS)聖戰分子和庫爾德反叛力量。新的清洗可能會造成破壞性的注意力分散。另外，埃爾多安已抓住機會直接攻擊憲法法院——最後一個能夠反抗他法令的機構。
This has implications beyond Turkey. Ankara is an indispensable ally for the US in Syria and for the EU in handling the migration crisis. Demands for the explusion of Mr Gulen and claims of US involvement in the coup — forcefully denied by Washington — may strain relations and raise fears over US access to the crucial Incirlik air base. Turkish stability in a volatile region matters — and it is under threat.
這將對土耳其以外地區產生影響。土耳其是美國在敘利亞問題上、歐盟在處理移民危機上的一個不可缺少的盟友。土耳其要求引渡居倫以及聲稱美國捲入政變——美國予以強烈否認——或許會造成關係緊張，並導致美國擔憂對因吉爾利克(Incirlik)空軍基地的使用。土耳其在一個動盪地區中保持穩定很重要，但該國的穩定受到了威脅。
He would do better by his traumatised country to recognise that democracy is not just about winning elections, but the need to show respect and restraint to opponents and build shared support behind shared national goals — including the primacy of civilian rule.
如果他能承認，民主不僅僅關乎贏得選舉，還需要向對手錶現出尊重與剋制，並與對手一起支持共同的國家目標（包括文官統治的至高無上地位），那麼他將爲他治下遭受創傷的這個國家帶來更多好處。
