支持與反對蘇格蘭獨立的明星們

Sean Connery is in favor, J. K. Rowling is against. Ewan McGregor and Emma Thompson don’t really want it, but Annie Lennox and the boss of British Airways sort of do. And everyone is dying to know: Where does Andy Murray stand?

肖恩·康納利(Sean Connery)支持，J·K·羅琳(J. K. Rowling)反對。伊萬·麥格雷戈(Ewan McGregor)和艾瑪·湯普森(Emma Thompson)並不真正希望，但安妮·萊諾克斯(Annie Lennox)和英國航空的老闆比較希望。而且所有人都迫切地想知道，安迪·穆雷(Andy Murray)支持哪一方呢？

Eight weeks before a referendum on whether Scotland should break away from Britain and become an independent country, the yes and no camps have stepped up their campaigning — not just down at the grass roots, but among the stars.

距離蘇格蘭全民公投是否脫離英國成爲獨立國家還有八個星期，雙方陣營已經開始了宣傳攻勢——不僅面向草根階層，也在明星中展開。

In this age of celebrity culture and disdain for politicians, endorsements from film stars, pop stars, sports stars, any kind of stars really (including imagined ones like the hobbit Frodo Baggins, who, on the authority of The Edinburgh Evening News, backs Scottish independence) have been keenly courted on both sides — even if the pronouncements don’t always have the desired effect.

在這個名人文化盛行，對政治家普遍鄙夷的時代，雙方都拼命尋求影星、流行歌手、體育明星等各種明星的支持，這其中也包括虛構人物，比如《愛丁堡晚報》[Edinburgh Evening News]就讓弗羅多·巴金斯[Frodo Baggins]支持蘇格蘭獨立。然而明星們的聲明並不總是能收到預期效果。

When David Bowie, who is English and lives in New York, asked the model Kate Moss to dress up in his old Ziggy Stardust outfit, collect a music award in London on his behalf and read out a statement with the plea “Scotland, stay with us,” he was told in the Scottish Twittersphere to go “back to Mars.”

大衛·鮑伊(David Bowie)是英格蘭人，定居紐約，他讓模特凱特·摩斯(Kate Moss)穿他以前的齊基·星塵(Ziggy Stardust)造型的服裝，代表他到倫敦去領一項音樂獎，並讀出他的一份聲明，請求“蘇格蘭，和我們留在一起吧”，蘇格蘭人在Twitter上紛紛表示讓他“回火星去吧”。

As the Scottish comedian Frankie Boyle, an independence backer, put it: “I completely respect Bowie’s right to express views on independence, just as I’d respect Iggy Pop’s opinions on the CERN particle accelerator.”

蘇格蘭喜劇演員弗蘭基·博伊爾(Frankie Boyle)支持獨立，正如他所說：“我完全尊重鮑伊對獨立問題發表觀點的權利，正如我尊重伊基·波普(Iggy Pop)對歐洲核子組織對粒子加速器發表觀點的權利一樣。”

Scotland has been England’s junior partner in Britain since 1707. But three centuries is no time at all in the view of many Scots, who have demanded self-determination, on and off, ever since. That prospect is now nearer than ever with a vote on Sept. 18. So far, most polling has given the stay-united camp the advantage, though many of them show at least a fifth of voters have yet to make up their minds.

自1707年以來，蘇格蘭就成了英格蘭在英聯邦中的小夥伴。但是在很多蘇格蘭人看來，三個世紀的時間根本不算長，從1707年以來，蘇格蘭人不時要求民族自決。9月18日的公投意味着這種景象已經前所未有地近在眼前了。到目前爲止，大多數民意調查認爲主張繼續保持聯合的陣營佔優，不過其中多項調查表明，至少有1/5的投票者還沒拿定主意。

It is unclear how much sway celebrities hold in a debate that wrestles with questions such as whether an independent Scotland could keep the queen and the British pound but get rid of nuclear submarines and austerity. Many of the international stars don’t even live in Scotland.

蘇格蘭獨立後是否要繼續保留女王和英鎊，但擺脫核潛艇和經濟緊縮？在類似這樣的討論中，名人們究竟有多大影響力，目前尚不分明。很多國際明星根本就不生活在蘇格蘭。

In fact, when the yes campaign first unveiled its list of Scottish A-list supporters, including Mr. Connery, Brian Cox and Alan Cumming, opponents quickly pointed out that as nonresidents none of them could actually vote; voters with a primary residence in Scotland get a say, Scot or non-Scot, but Scots outside of Scotland don’t.

事實上，支持獨立者最初透露自己陣營中的蘇格蘭裔頂級明星時——包括康納利、布萊恩·考克斯(Brian Cox)和艾倫·卡明(Alan Cumming)——反對者們很快指出，他們都不是蘇格蘭的長期定居者，根本就沒有資格投票；在蘇格蘭擁有主要居所(primary residence)的投票者纔有資格投票決定獨立或不獨立，不住在蘇格蘭的蘇格蘭人沒有投票權。

“We all love to go to the cinema, but what authority does a Hollywood star have on these issues?” asked James Mitchell, a professor of public policy at the University of Edinburgh. “The Scottish electorate is smarter than that.”

“我們都喜歡看電影，但一個好萊塢明星對這些問題能有什麼權威？”愛丁堡大學公共政策教授詹姆斯·米歇爾(James Mitchell)說，“蘇格蘭投票者很聰明，能明白這一點。”

But Angus Robertson, campaign director for the referendum for the Scottish National Party, said that celebrity “ambassadors” do matter. “You can be snooty about film stars,” he said, “but they add color to the campaign, and that gets people engaged.”

但蘇格蘭民族黨的公投宣傳活動主管安格斯·羅伯遜(Angus Robertson)說，名人作爲“大使”，的確有作用。“你可以看不起那些電影明星們，”他說，“但他們爲選舉活動增添了色彩，讓人們更加投入。”

From the philosophers Adam Smith and David Hume to the creators of Peter Pan and Sherlock Holmes, Scotland features prominently in Britain’s intellectual and cultural heritage. And many members of the creative elite have lined up behind the yes camp’s promise of a fairer, greener, more Scandinavian Scotland.

從哲學家亞當·斯密(Adam Smith)、大衛·休謨(David Hume)到彼得·潘(Peter Pan)、夏洛克·福爾摩斯(Shelock Holmes)的締造者，蘇格蘭是英國知識與文化遺產的重要組成部分。許多創意屆精英都支持獨立陣營，因爲它承諾一個更公正、更環保，更斯堪的納維亞式的蘇格蘭。

Mr. Connery, who reportedly has a “Scotland Forever” tattoo and says he might move back to Scotland if it secedes, wrote in New Statesman recently that “the opportunity of independence is too good to miss.” Ms. Lennox, the lead singer of the Eurythmics, whose song “Sweet Dreams” has been heard at pro-independence rallies, said if an independent Scotland were to “create a more egalitarian society” it would set “an amazing example.” But she called herself an agnostic as to whether this could actually be achieved.

據報道，康納利身上有“永遠的蘇格蘭”字樣的文身，他說，如果蘇格蘭脫離英國，他就可能搬回去，不久前他在《新政治家》(New Statesman)上撰文寫道：“獨立的好機會不容錯失。”萊諾克斯是“藝術體操”(Eurythmics)的主唱，這個組合的歌曲《甜蜜的夢》(Sweet Dreams)可以在支持獨立的集會上聽到，她說，如果獨立的蘇格蘭“能創造一個更平等的社會”，那會是“一個驚人的例子”。但她說，對於這個目標是否能夠實現，她持不可知論的態度。

“The world is waiting for us, and I know Scotland is ready,” said Mr. Cumming, the stage and film actor, at the start of the pro-independence campaign in 2012.

“世界在等待我們，我知道蘇格蘭已經準備好了，”舞臺劇和電影演員卡明曾在2012年一次支持獨立的宣傳活動開始時說。

Mr. Cox, who played the devious C.I.A. officer in “The Bourne Supremacy,” has become the throaty voice of a cartoon Scottie dog called Duggy Dug who features in a series of pro-independence video clips. In one of the more surreal ones, Dug is having a nap on his tartan when he has a nightmare about what Scotland would look like after a no vote. “Welcome to permanent austerity,” a banner reads as Mr. Cox’s voice runs down a bleak list: health care privatized, older Scots deprived of free bus passes and Dug’s Spanish dog friend Pepe deported after Britain left the European Union.

考克斯在《諜影重重2》(The Bourne Supremacy)中飾演一個狡猾的中情局官員，一直在爲宣傳獨立的一個系列視頻中一隻名叫“達吉·達格”的蘇格蘭卡通狗配音。這個視頻系列是超現實風格的，在其中一集裏，達格躺在格子花呢上睡着了，做了個噩夢，夢見蘇格蘭公投不獨立之後的樣子。“歡迎來到永久經濟緊縮的世界”，一條標語上面寫道，考克斯的聲音讀出一個慘淡的單子：醫療健康私有化、蘇格蘭老人被剝奪免費乘坐公交的權利、達格的西班牙狗朋友皮普在英國脫離歐盟之後被驅逐出境。

On the other side, the antisecession movement has its own video, “Let’s Stay Together,” unveiled last week. It features the comedian Eddie Izzard and Ross Kemp, a soap-opera star and former husband of the newspaper editor Rebekah Brooks.

另一方，反對脫離英國的組織也有自己的視頻，比如上週公佈的《在一起》(Let’s Stay Together)。片中有喜劇演員艾迪·伊扎德(Eddie Izzard)和肥皂劇明星羅斯·坎普(Ross Kemp)，他的前妻是報紙主編麗貝卡·布魯克斯(Rebekah Brooks)。

There have also been less predictable endorsements: After companies like Standard Life and Royal Bank of Scotland hinted that they might move jobs south of the border if Scotland secedes, Willie Walsh, the chief executive of International Airlines Group, which owns British Airways, told the BBC that independence would be good for business: Scotland’s first minister, Alex Salmond, has promised to scrap a tax on airline passengers. Mr. Walsh said, “So it’s probably going to be a positive development, if it does happen, for British Airways.”

還有一些不那麼好預測的立場：標準人壽保險和蘇格蘭皇家銀行等公司暗示，如果蘇格蘭獨立，它們就將把業務轉移到邊境以南，之後，英國航空公司的所有者、國際航空集團的首席執行官威利·威爾士(Willie Walsh)在接受BBC採訪時說，蘇格蘭獨立會對公司的生意有好處，因爲蘇格蘭的首席大臣亞歷克斯·薩爾蒙德(Alex Salmond)承諾取消對飛機乘客的一項徵稅。威爾士說：“所以如果（獨立）成真了，對英國航空公司來說可能是一種積極的發展。”

In both camps, stars admit to struggling with their decision.

在兩個陣營中，明星們都承認爲自己的決定煞費思量。

Mr. McGregor told The Daily Mail that he loves Scotland. “But I also like the idea of Great Britain, and I don’t know that it wouldn’t be a terrible shame to break it all up,” he said.

麥格雷戈對《每日郵報》說，自己喜歡蘇格蘭。“但我也喜歡大不列顛，我不知道如果它分裂了是不是一個可怕的遺憾。”

Ms. Thompson, whose mother is Scottish, suggested that she understands the “romance” of independence. “England was so awful to Scotland,” she told Spanish television, but added that erecting new borders in a shrinking world was not the answer.

艾瑪·湯普森的母親是蘇格蘭人，她說，自己瞭解獨立中“浪漫”的一面。“英格蘭曾經對蘇格蘭非常壞，”她在接受西班牙電視臺採訪時說，但補充說，在一個已經日益變小的世界裏，樹立新的國界並不是解決問題的辦法。

The most notable recruit for the anti-independence campaign has been Ms. Rowling, the popular author of the Harry Potter books, who donated one million pounds to the cause.

反獨立陣營最著名的成員要算是哈利·波特(Harry Potter)系列暢銷書的作者羅琳女士，她向這個活動捐贈了100萬英鎊。

“The more I listen to the yes campaign, the more I worry about its minimization and even denial of risks,” Ms. Rowling wrote on her website. She is English but as a longtime Edinburgh resident is eligible to vote.

“我愈是傾聽支持獨立陣營的宣傳，就愈是擔心它把可能存在的風險最小化，甚至否認存在風險的傾向，”羅琳在自己的網站上寫道。她是英格蘭人，但因爲長期定居愛丁堡，所以有資格投票。

“Meanwhile, dramatically differing figures and predictions are being slapped in front of us by both campaigns, so that it becomes difficult to know what to believe,” she said, voicing a concern frequently heard on both sides. “If we leave, though, there will be no going back.”

“此外，兩個陣營把截然不同的數字與預測擺在我們面前，讓人很難判斷該去相信什麼，”她說起一個兩方都經常說起的憂慮。“但是如果我們離開了，那就沒法回頭了。”

Some stars have decided to remain on the fence — not least because taking a side tends to lead to the sort of attacks Mr. Bowie suffered, with potential effects on their ability to sell tickets and maintain sponsors.

有些明星決定保持觀望態度——特別是看到鮑伊表態後遭到了攻擊，而且表態還有可能影響他們的票房銷售和潛在贊助商。

Billy Connolly, Scotland’s most famous comedian, once joked about the Scottish Parliament, calling it a “wee pretendy Parliament,” only to be inundated with vitriol. The same happened to Mr. Murray, Britain’s top-seeded tennis player, who when asked whom he would support in the soccer World Cup replied, “Anyone but the English.”

比利·科諾利(Billy Connolly)是蘇格蘭最有名的喜劇演員，他曾經拿蘇格蘭議會開玩笑，說它是“我們假裝的議會”，結果因此招來各種苛刻的批評。同樣的事也發生在安迪·穆雷身上，他是英國排名最靠前的網球運動員，被問到他在世界盃上支持哪個隊時，他說：“除了英格蘭都支持。”

Few doubt that Mr. Murray, tellingly described as a Briton when he wins and as a Scot when he loses, is fiercely Scottish. He once bared his teeth, flexed his biceps and whooped Braveheart-style on the tennis court. But when Mr. Salmond, who watched him win Wimbledon last year, celebrated by unfurling a Scottish flag for the cameras, Mr. Murray was not amused. “It’s very difficult to have an opinion these days, because half the people will agree with you and half the people will think you’re an absolute idiot,” Mr. Murray told The Daily Mail.

顯然，穆雷取勝時被人們當做英國人，失敗時則被當做蘇格蘭人，毫無疑問，這非常蘇格蘭。他曾在網球場上露出牙齒，顯示二頭肌，像《勇敢的心》(Braveheart)裏那樣呼嘯。但去年薩爾蒙德看到他贏得溫布爾登公開賽後，對着鏡頭展開一面蘇格蘭旗幟以示慶祝，穆雷卻並不高興。“現在要發表意見非常困難，因爲一半的人會贊同你，另一半人會把你當白癡，”他在接受《每日郵報》(The Daily Mail)採訪時說。

By contrast, world leaders from the Chinese prime minister to President Obama have happily joined the fray, with both calling for a “united” Britain. Even Pope Francis has questioned whether the case for secession was strong enough (“Pope Says Nope,” The Daily Mirror’s headline read the next day).

相反，從中國總理到奧巴馬總統在內的世界領導人都歡快地加入這場爭論，二者都呼籲一個“統一”的英國。就連方濟各教皇(Pope Francis)也質疑，分離運動是否足夠強大（《教皇說“不”》，翌日的《每日郵報》以此爲標題）。

Whatever camp they support, many Scots can’t help but relish all the attention they are getting. As the pro-independence dramatist David Greig put it after Mr. Bowie’s unionist plea: “The weird thing is, I’m feeling giddy that he noticed us,” Mr. Greig told The Guardian. “He noticed us. David Bowie mentioned Scotland! We exist! We’re real! He loves us! And we love him.”

不管他們支持哪個陣營，許多蘇格蘭人都爲自己獲得的關注而感到高興。支持獨立的戲劇演員大衛·格里格(David Greig)這樣評價鮑伊主張統一的呼籲：“奇怪的是，我很高興他注意到我們，”格里格在接受《衛報》(The Guardian)採訪時說。“他注意到了我們，大衛·鮑伊(David Bowie)提起了蘇格蘭！我們存在着！我們是真實的！他愛我們！我們也愛他。”