關於中國學生在PISA測試中成績下滑原因的反思
People should not overreact to the fall in ranking of Chinese students in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment; they should focus on what the test results indicate about the education system in China, experts said.
在2015年國際學生評估項目中，中國學生的排名有所下降，但是有專家指出人們不應對此反應過度，他們應該關注這一測試結果所反應出的中國教育系統中存在的問題。Chinese students' scores fell across the board in science, reading and mathematics in the 2015 PISA compared with 2012, although they were able to retain their top-10 ranking in science and math, according to an assessment of results released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
據經合組織公佈的一份結果評估來看，和2012年相比，儘管中國學生的科學和數學成績仍然能夠排在前十，中國學生2015年國際學生評估項目中科學、閱讀、以及數學的分數全線下跌。The 2015 PISA was taken by about 540,000 students aged 15 in 72 countries and economies on science, math and collaborative problem-solving. In China, students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai took the two-hour test.
共有來自72個國家和經濟體的54萬名15歲學生參加了2015年國際學生評估項目測試，測試內容包括科學、數學和協同問題解決等。來自中國北京、江蘇、廣東和上海的學生麼們參加了這場2小時的測試。
Shanghai began participating in the PISA in 2009 and was the only city on the Chinese mainland partaking in the test. In both the 2009 and 2012 tests, Shanghai surpassed all other participating countries and regions.
上海從2009年開始參加PISA項目，是當時中國大陸唯一一個參加該項測試的城市。在2009年和2012年的兩次測試中，上海打敗了其他所有參賽的國家和地區名列第一。However, in the 2015 test, Singapore dominated across all three subjects, ranking first and outperforming the rest of the world.
但是在2015年的測試中，新加坡制霸了所有三項測試，超過了所有其他國家和地區排在第一位。Students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai scored a median 518 and were ranked 10th in science, compared with the 580 that students from Shanghai alone scored in 2012.
北京、江蘇、廣東和上海學生的得分中位數是518分，科學成績排在第十位，而2012年測試中上海學生的得分中位數達到了580分。For mathematics, students in China scored 531 and were ranked sixth, compared with 613 in 2012. Their score in reading was 494, a more obvious decline compared with 2012.
在數學方面，中國學生得到了531分，排在第六位，而2012年的時候這一成績是613分。中國學生閱讀成績494分，相比於2012年下降更明顯。Yong Zhao, a professor at the University of Kansas' school of education, said that there is no reason to overreact to China's scores, because he doesn't believe the PISA "measures the totality of the quality of education of any education system".
堪薩斯大學教育學院教授趙勇表示，沒有必要對中國的分數反應過度，因爲他認爲PISA不能“衡量任何教育系統的整體教育水平”。He said that adding more provinces to the test might have caused the dip, but that there could have been other contributing factors.
趙勇說，參加測試的省份變多就可能會造成分數下降，但又有可能存在其他影響因素。"Overall, we don't need to read too much into PISA or other international tests," he wrote in an email response to questions.
他在一份回答疑問的郵件中寫道：“總的來說，我們不需要過分解讀PISA和其他一些國際測試的結果。”Lu Jing, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, agreed. She said the change in participating cities and provinces had a big impact on the test results, adding that as students from Shanghai represented the highest level and best performance, it's normal that the average test scores fell after more cities and provinces were involved in the test.
上海教育科學研究院研究員盧靜也同意這一觀點。據她表示，參加測試省市的變化對測試結果有巨大的影響。她還表示，因爲上海學生水平最高、表現最好，因此在更多省市參加這一測試之後，平均分數下降是一件很正常的事情。Lu, who is also secretary of the PISA Shanghai research center, added that she is more interested in what the scores and rankings reflect about China's education system.
盧靜還擔任PISA上海研究中心的祕書，她表示自己更感興趣的是這一分數和排名所反應出的中國教育系統存在的問題。"Big gaps now exist among students from different provinces and regions, while the proportion of Chinese students who have a real passion for math and science is still low," she said. "Solving these problems is more important and meaningful to Chinese educators than just looking at the scores."
她說道：“現在不同省份和地區的學生之間存在着巨大的差距，而中國學生真正熱愛數學和科學的比例仍然很低。對中國的教育者們來說，解決這些問題要比只盯着這些分數要更加重要和有意義。”
