關注兒童婚姻買賣:一些女孩子18歲的時候就結過60次婚了

When young girls are sold into marriage, as 38,000 are every day, they can expect a life with no education and few opportunities, little public autonomy outside of their adult husband's control and an increased risk of death from pregnancy or childbirth, which are the number one killer of girls age 15 to 18 in the developing world. One in seven girls born in the developing world is married by age 15, usually sold by her family.

世界上每天幾乎會有38,000例買賣婚姻，如果被賣掉的年輕女生一生基本不會再有受教育或者其他機會的可能了。在她們成年丈夫的控制下，她們幾乎沒有公共自主權。她們死於懷孕或者生產的機率也大大提高，這幾乎成了15到18歲女生的頭號殺手。在發展中國家，每七個女生當中就會有一個在15歲左右結婚，並且通常是被她自己的家人賣掉的。

But some girls who grow up in Egypt's poor rural communities face an even scarier sort of child marriage: the temporary kind. Sex tourism to Egypt tends to spike in the summer, when wealthy men from Gulf countries flood into Egypt and thousands of underage girls are sold by their parents into temporary "marriages," according to a story by Inter Press Service.

但是，一些生長在埃及貧窮農村地區的女孩子們還面臨着另一種更加可怕的童婚：臨時童婚。國際新聞社的一個報道稱，夏天，埃及的色情觀光業總是會迎來高峯。當那些來自海灣國家的有錢人涌入埃及，成千上萬的未成年女性將會被他們的父母賣到所謂的臨時“婚姻”中。

Child sex tourism is difficult to track, but the United Nations estimates that it affects two million children every year, often in countries that are poor but have pre existing tourism infrastructure, such as Thailand, India, Costa Rica and others.

兒童色情旅遊難以被追蹤，但是聯合國估計每年有將近二百萬的兒童被它所影響。這通常發生在貧困且有先存的旅遊基礎設施的國家，比如泰國、印度、哥斯達黎加等等。

Egypt's illegal child sex tourism trade appears to have put a regional- friendly spin on the practice by portraying the buying and selling of children as a form of marriage, thus giving them a thin veneer of religious acceptability by circumventing Islamic rules against pre-marital sex. (Despite a 2008 law banning child marriages, enforcement is thought to be low and an Egyptian official told the Inter Press Service that's it's nearly ceased since the chaos of the 2011 revolution.) Child marriages are, after all, somewhat common in Arab countries, although not nearly as common as in neighboring regions. And such child marriages often involve “dowries” that human trafficking activists say are akin to a purchase price.

埃及非法的兒童色情旅遊潮中，常常把這描繪成是一種以婚姻買賣兒童的形式，因此在表面上似乎迴避了伊斯蘭教的教條反對婚前性行爲，似乎可以爲宗教所接受。（儘管2008年的一條法律禁止童婚，但實施率低下。一位埃及官員告訴記者，這條法律在2011年的革命之後基本停止了。）但畢竟童婚在一些阿拉伯國家是很普遍的，儘管不及其鄰國那樣流行。這樣的童婚還通常伴隨着嫁妝。據人販子說，這大大影響着買入價。

By making the unions temporary, Egyptian child sex tourism manages to capture much of the worst of child marriage and child prostitution. Girls still bear the long-term risks of child marriages – some are expected to double as domestic workers – as well as the routines of children sold for sex in other countries. "Some girls have been married 60 times by the time they turn 18," an Egyptian government official who works on the issue told Inter Press Service. "Most ‘marriages’ last for just a couple of days or weeks."

通過這樣一種“臨時”的形式，埃及的兒童色情旅遊業導致了很多的童婚和雛妓的出現。女孩子們仍長期承受着童婚和被賣到其他國家從事色情行業的危險。“一些女孩子18歲的時候就結過60次婚了，”埃及一位官員管理此事的官員這樣告訴記者，“大部分的所謂婚姻通常只持續了幾天或者幾周。”

An investigation by an Egyptian government body, the Child Anti-Trafficking Unit at the National Council for Child hood and Mother hood, found that 75 percent of respondents in surveyed rural communities knew girls who were involved in the trade and that most believed that rate was increasing. It estimated that the vast majority of the buyers came from Gulf countries, with 81 percent from Saudi Arabia, 10 percent from the United Arab Emirate and 4 percent from Kuwait.

埃及政府的全國母童委員會打擊販童組織做了一個調查，發現在貧窮農村參與調查的百分之75的人都知道女孩子們處在這樣一種狀況之中，並且他們認爲比率正在不斷提高。據估計，大部分的買家來自海灣國家，其中81%來自沙特阿拉伯，10%來自阿聯酋，4%來自科威特。

The study estimates that a summer-long marriage, usually lasting the duration of a seasonal Gulf tourist's visit, cost about $2,800 to $10,000. The unions can at times last a year or two, though; the “bride” is typically expected to travel back to her buyer’s home country where she may work as a domestic. One- day marriages can cost as little as $115.

調查估計這些只持續一個夏天的婚姻通常發生在海灣國家的遊客來旅遊的時候，往往要花費大約 $2,800 t到$10,000。但是，也有婚姻也許會持續一到兩年；“新娘”通常會被送到買家所在的國家，在那兒做個保姆。而那些只有一天的婚姻只要$115。

Egypt's economy has been in free-fall since the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak in early 2011, with unemployment rising and public services declining. Rural families, driven apparently by a sense that the practice is socially acceptable and a desperate need for income, pressure daughters to enter the trade at puberty, according to the government study. "The girls know their families have exploited them," the Egyptian official told Inter Press Service. "They can under stand that their parents sold them."

自從2011年初，埃及總統霍斯尼•穆巴拉克被驅逐後，埃及的經濟就一直呈現低迷的狀態。失業率不斷升高，公共服務不斷下降。政府報告稱，農村家庭常常在買賣婚姻是可以被社會說接受的這樣的思想以及金錢的驅使下賣掉他們未成年的女兒們。“那些女孩知道她們的家庭在利用她們，”埃及一個官員告訴記者。“她們可以理解父母的這一行爲。”