中英雙語話中國藝術 第5期:功夫皇帝—成龍

5. A Movie Star-Jackie Chan

5.功夫皇帝一成龍

Jackie chan was born in Hong Kong on April 7th, 1954. His parents, Charles and Lee-lee Chan named him Chan Kong-sang which means "born in Hong Kong." Jackie weighed 12 pounds when he was born and his mother required surgery to deliver him. Jackie's parents were so poor that they had to borrow money from friends to pay the doctor.

成龍於1954年4月7日出生於香港。他的父母:陳志平、陳莉莉給他取名爲陳港生，意爲“在香港出生”。成龍出生時12磅，以至於他的母親在分娩時需要做剖腹手術。當時成龍的父母親手頭拮据，向朋友們借錢付清了醫療費用。

Although Jackie's parents were poor, they had steady jobs at the French embassy in Hong Kong. Chαrles was a cook and Lee-lee was a housekeeper. Together , the Chan family lived on Victoria Peak in Hong Kong. When Jackie was young , his father would wake him early in the morning and together they would practice kung fu. Charles Chan believed that learning kung fu would help build Jackie's character, and teach him patience, strength, and courage.

雖然成龍的父母不富裕，但是他們在法國駐香港使館都有十分穩定的工作。父親陳志平是廚師，母親陳莉莉是保潔員，一家人都住在香港的維多利亞半山腰上。成龍小的時候，他的父親會很早就叫他起牀，兩人一起習武。陳爸爸一直堅信學習功夫會對塑造成龍的性格有相當大的幫助，習武能教會他容忍、堅強和勇敢。

When Jackie was seven year old Charles took a job as the head cook at the American embassy in Australia. He felt that it would be best for Jackie to stay behind in Hong Kong to learn a skill and so enrolled him in the China Drama Academy where Jackie would live for the next 10 years of his life.

成龍7歲那一年，陳爸爸要到澳大利亞的美國使館任主廚。他認爲對於成龍來說最好是留在香港學習一技之長，因此在中國戲劇學院爲他找了一位師傅，從那以後，成龍跟隨師傅一學就是10年。

During Jackie's time at the school, he learned martial art，acrobatics, singing，and acting. The school was meant to prepare boys for a life in the Peking Opera. Chinese opera was very different from any other kind of opera. It included singing, tumbling, and acrobatics as well as martial arts skills and acting. Students at the school were severely disciplined and were beaten if they disobeyed or made mistakes. It was a very harsh and difficult life but Jackie had nowhere else to go.

在這10年的時間裏，成龍跟師傅學習了武術、雜技、聲樂和表演。師傅培養的男孩子們，準備着將自己的一生都奉獻給京劇。京劇同其他任何國家的歌劇形式都大不相同。它包括歌唱、翻跟斗、雜技，還有武術技巧和表演。師傅的弟子們都要十分嚴格地遵守紀律，如果出現犯錯誤和違紀的情況便會捱打。生活既嚴格又辛苦，但是成龍卻無處可去，只好留在師傅身邊。

While at the China Drama Academy, Jackie made his acting debut at age eight in the Cantonese movie Seven Little Valiant Fighters: Big and Little Wong Tin Bar. He later teamed with other opera students in a performance group called "The Seven Little Fortunes." Fellow actors Sammo Hung and Yuan Biao were also members. Years later the three would work together and become known as The Three Brothers. As Jackie got older he worked as a stuntman and an extra in the Hong Kong film industry.

跟師傅學藝期間，成龍 8歲那一年有了首次出演電影的經歷，是一部名爲《七個小勇士:大小黃天霸》的廣東電影。自此之後他便與其他師兄弟組成了"七小福"。同時代的演員洪金寶和元彪也是其中成員。多年之後三人合作機會增多並且以三兄弟的稱號爲大衆所熟悉。隨着年齡的增長，成龍在香港電影界做武師和臨時演員的工作。

When Jackie was 17, he graduated from the China Drama Academy. Unfortunately the Chinese opera was no longer popular, so Jackie and his c1assmates had to find other work. This was difficult because when they were at school they were never taught how to read or write. The only work available to them was unskilled labor or stunt work. Each year many movies were made in Hong Kong and there was always a need for young, strong stuntmen. Jackie was extraordinarily athletic and inventive, and soon gained a reputation for being fear1ess; Jackie Chan would try anything. Soon he was in demand.

17歲那年，成龍學藝結束。可情當時京劇開始走下坡路，無奈成龍和他的師兄弟們只能另找工作。然而對於他們來說這並不是一件容易的事情，因爲在他們學藝的期間從來沒有人教會他們如何讀書和寫字。唯一適合他們做的工作就是不需任何特殊技能的苦力和武師。在香港，每年都會拍攝無數部電影，這就爲年輕強壯的武師們提供了很多很好的就業機會。成龍身體強健、富於創造力，很快就獲得了勇敢無畏的聲譽；成龍敢於嘗試，很多劇組都爭相邀請他。

Over the next few years, Jackie worked as a stuntman, but when the Hong Kong movie industry began to decline, he was forced to go to Australia to live with his parents. He worked in a restaurant and on a construction site. It was there that he got the name "Jackie." A worker named Jack had trouble pronouncing " Kong-sang" and started calling Jackie "little Jack." That soon became "Jackie" and the name stuck.

接下來的幾年時間裏，成龍一直在做武師的工作，但是當香港的電影工業開始走下坡路的時候，迫於元奈他只好前往澳大利亞與父母一起生活。他在一家餐廳打工並在一個建築工地做兼職。也就是在那兒他有了"Jackie"這個名字。一個叫 "Jack"的工人因爲無法準確發出"港生"的廣東話發音，於是開始管成龍叫"little Jack"。此後這個名字迅速演變爲"Jackie"並且被一直延用到現在。

Jackie was very unhappy in Australia. The construction work was difficult and boring. His salvation came in the form of a telegram from a man named Willie Chan. Willie Chan worked in the Hong Kong movie industry and was looking for someone to star in a new movie being made by Lo Wei, a famous Hong Kong producer and director. Willie had met Jackie once at work as a stuntman and had been impressed. Jackie called Willie and they talked. Jackie didn't know it was Willie who would end up becoming his best friend and manager. Soon Jackie was on his way back to Hong Kong to star in New Fist of Fury. It was 1976 and then Jackie Chan was 21 years old.

成龍在澳大利亞生活得並不開心。這份建築工作既艱難又枯燥。一封來自名爲 Willie Chan陳自強先生的電報把成龍從這種苦悶中解救了出來。陳自強是一位電影人，當時在爲著名的製片人兼導演羅維的一部新影片選演員。成龍作武師的時候曾與陳自強有一面之緣，年輕肯吃苦的成龍給他留下了深刻的印象。成龍致電陣、自強，兩人談了很久。成龍那時並不知道，陳自強最終將會成爲他的經理人和最好的朋友。不久成龍便踏上了返回香港主演《新精武門》的路程。那是1976年，成龍21歲。

Once Jackie got back to Hong Kong , Willie Chan took control over Jackie's career. To this day Jackie is quick to point out that he owes his success to Willie. However , the movies that Jackie made for Lo Wei were not very successful. The problem was that Jackie's talents were not being used properly. It was only when Jackie was able to contribute his own ideas that he became a star. He brought humor to martial arts movies; his first success was snake in Eagle's Shadow. This was followed by Drunken Master (another blockbuster) and Jackie's first ever directing job, Fearless Hyena. All were big hits.

成龍一回到香港，聘請陳自強做經紀人，從而開始了他的演藝職業生涯。直至今日成龍還在說他的成功全要感謝經理人陳自強。然而，成龍爲羅維拍攝的影片並不十分成功。問題在於成龍的才能沒有得到適當發揮。只有當他按照自己的想法表演時才真正成爲了一名巨星。他爲功夫影片帶來了幽默;他的第一次成功來自於《蛇形刁手》。接下來就是影片《醉拳》(另一個暢銷電影)和成龍第一次執導的影片《笑拳怪招》。三部影片紅極一時。

Jackie was becoming a huge success in Asia. Unfortunately, it would be many years before the same could be said of his popularity in America After a series of lukewarm receptions in the U.S., mostly due to miscasting, Jackie left USA and focused his attention on making movies in Hong Kong. It would be 10 years before he returned to make Rumble in the Bronx, the movie that introduced Jackie to American audiences and secured him a place in their hearts (and their box office). Rumble was followed by the Rush Hour and Shanghai Noon series which put Jackie on the Hollywood A List.

成龍在亞洲獲得了極大的成功。但要說成龍在美國的成功還爲時過早。由於角色並不十分適合，美國市場的反應很冷淡，成龍離開了美國並且將主要精力放在製作香港電影上面。10年前，成龍回到美國拍攝《紅番區》，正是這部電影把成龍再次介紹給了美國的觀衆，並鞏固了他在美國觀衆心目中的地位(和在票房中的位置)《紅番區》之後，又有《尖峯時刻》和《上海正午》系列，把成龍的名字列到了好萊塢一級明星的名單上。

Despite his Hollywood successes, Jackie became frustrated by the lack of varied roles for Asian actors and his own in ability to control certain aspects of the filming in America. He continued to try, however, making The Tuxedo, The Medallion, and Around the World in 80 Days，none of which was the blockbuster that Rush Hour or Shanghai Noon had been.

無論成龍在好萊塢有多麼成功，他還是對於亞洲演員在美國電影中缺少多樣化的角色變化和自身無法對於美國電影拍攝中的一些方面做出控制而感到心有不甘。他還在繼續嘗試，然而，以後拍攝的《神奇燕尾服》、《飛龍再生》、《環遊地球80天》卻沒有一部可以超越《尖峯時刻》和《上海正午》的成績的。

Jackie's lifelong devotion to fitness has served him well as he continues to do stunt work and action sequences in his films. In recent years，Jackie's focus has shifted and he is trying new genres of film fantasy，drama，romance-and is spending more and more time on his charity work. He takes his work as Ambassador for UNICEF/UNAIDS very seriously and spends all his spare time working tirelessly for children, the elderly，and those in need. He continues to make films in Hong Kong, including the blockbuster drama New Police Story in 2004.

成龍一生對於健身的熱愛使他可以延續不斷地在影片中展現特技表演和動作。近幾年來，成龍工作方向發生改變並且嘗試新類型的電影一一科幻、劇情、愛情文藝片一一而且以更多的時間投入到慈善工作中。作爲聯合國兒童基金會大使，成龍認真地接受每一份工作，將他拍攝之餘的時間全部都獻給了孩子、老人和那些需要幫助的人們。成龍繼續在香港拍攝製作電影，這其中就包括他2004年的力作一一——故事片《新警察故事》。

Jackie has been married to Lin Feng-Jiao since 1982 and has a son, actor-singer Jaycee Chan.

成龍於1982年與林鳳嬌結婚並育有一子一一演員、歌手房祖名。