最瘋狂,最惡劣,最危險的10個詩人(下)
y Bysshe Shelley
5.珀西·比西·雪萊
Percy Shelley was a great friend of Lord Byron, but his character was a little different. He was a well-intentioned and idealistic poet who unwittingly left a trail of destruction in his wake. He was the son of a landowner and educated at Eton, where he was known as “Mad Shelley” for his interest in the new science of electricity. He was bullied terribly and developed a hatred of the social system, becoming a passionate supporter of the French Revolution.
雪萊是拜倫的好朋友，但他們的性格有點不同。他是個善良的理想主義詩人，偶爾無意中留下點破壞的痕跡。他是一個地主的兒子，就讀於伊頓公學，因爲對電力新科學的愛好被人們稱爲“瘋狂的雪萊”。他深深地受害於社會制因此特別仇恨它，後來成了法國大革命熱情的支持者。
At Oxford, he wrote a pamphlet entitled “The Necessity of Atheism” that was sold in a bookshop directly opposite his college and led to his expulsion. He became estranged from his father and was forever in need of money. With a growing family and a lurid reputation within England, Shelley left for a peripatetic life in Italy in 1818. He dragged his family and hangers-on from Florence to Pisa, then to Naples, and finally Livorno, where he drowned in 1822.
在牛津，他寫了本名爲“無神論的必要性”的小冊子，並在大學正對面出售。因此學校開除了他。後來他日漸與父親疏遠而且總是缺錢。隨着孩子增多，而且雪萊在英格蘭的名譽也是駭人聽聞，1818年他前往意大利過着居無定所的生活。他拖家帶口從佛羅倫薩到比薩，然後到了那不勒斯，最後到了利沃諾，卻於1822年在那裏溺水生亡。
He called for revolution throughout Britain even when it annoyed those around him and became dangerous, resulting in an attempt on his life by government spies in 1813. He truly believed that literature could change the course of history, and his poetic works abound with figures of Promethean energy that transcend their time and circumstances.
即使惹怒了衆人，自己也身處險境，他還是堅持呼籲全英國都發動革命。1813年政府密探甚至不得不去調查他的生活。他深信文學能夠改變歷史的進程，而他詩歌作品中塑造的有着普羅米修斯精神的人物也可以超越時空的限制。
He also had a habit of attracting young women and then discarding them. At 19, he eloped with the 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook, only to dump her for Mary Godwin while Harriet was pregnant with his child. She later drowned herself in the Serpentine in Hyde Park. Mary Godwin's half-sister also killed herself after falling for Shelley and being rejected by him and his coterie of admirers.
他喜歡吸引少女的芳心，然後拋棄她們。他19歲便與16歲的哈里特·維斯布魯克私奔，而當哈里特懷着她的孩子的時候他卻爲了追求瑪麗·戈德溫拋棄了她。她後來溺死在海德公園的蛇形湖裏。瑪麗·戈德溫同父異母的妹妹也愛上了雪萊，但是遭到他拒絕，隨後因沒能進入他的粉絲團之後自殺身亡。
ander Pushkin
4．亞歷山大·普希金
Alexander Pushkin was notoriously irascible and sensitive about his honor. It's amazing that he even reached the ripe old age of 37, for in his short life, he was involved in at least 29 duels, the last of which saw him killed. He dueled over slights about his verse, insults directed at his friends, women he was courting, arguments at the dinner table, comments about his appalling manners, and even over the weather.
普希金是出了名的脾氣暴躁，對自己的榮譽特別敏感。他能活到37歲簡直就是奇蹟。他短暫的一生中至少參與了29次決鬥，他正是死於最後一次。只要有人輕視了他的詩句，侮辱了他的朋友或他追求的女人，在飯桌上與他爭吵，指點了他可怕的舉止，甚至是談論天氣意見不和都會收到他的決鬥挑戰。
In 1822, he fought an army officer after accusing him of cheating at cards. Pushkin calmly stood eating cherries while his opponent took aim, but the man failed to land his target. In a final act of insouciant contempt, Pushkin refused to return fire, an indication that he thought his opponent not even worth the powder and shot. He was a curious mix of volatile testosterone and crippling insecurity.
1822年， 他指責一名軍官在打牌時耍詐而和他打了一架。對方拔槍的時候普希金還在悠閒地吃着櫻桃，好在沒有打中。普希金不屑還擊，他漫不經心的態度表明他覺得對手並不值得他動手。他絕對是個暴躁的危險分子。
Pushkin spent his youth in St. Petersburg drinking, gambling, and womanizing while nominally working for the Foreign Ministry. He wrote verses and joined an anti-Czarist organization, for which he was exiled to Odessa in 1820, where he continued to court other men's wives and cause trouble. He was exiled again to his parents' estates for atheism before being freed by the Czar in 1826. Pushkin remained under surveillance by the secret police until he died.
普希金在聖彼得堡度過他的青年時代，名義上是在外交部工作，實際上整天就是酗酒，賭博，玩女人。他寫詩，還加入了反沙皇組織，因此1820年被流放到敖德薩，在那他不斷追求有夫之婦，四處惹是生非。他在1826年被沙皇釋放之前又因爲無神論被剝奪了父母遺產的繼承權。普希金餘生在密探的監視中生活，直到去世。
Pushkin was frequently in debt despite coming from an aristocratic family. One of his ancestors had been an Ethiopian who entered the Imperial service in Russia. Pushkin cultivated a wild, Byronic image and is remembered as the great poet of Russian Romanticism. It may not come as a surprise that his great verse-novel, Eugene Onegin, is structured around a duel and a love triangle.
儘管出身於貴族家庭，普希金常常負債累累。他的一位前輩是曾經爲俄羅斯皇家服務的埃塞俄比亞人。普希金是狂野的拜倫式英雄也是俄羅斯浪漫主義偉大詩人。看看他的人生，也難怪他偉大的詩歌小說《尤金·奧涅金》是圍繞着決鬥和三角戀的故事展開的。
His marriage to 17-year-old Natalya Goncharova proved to be his undoing. The Czar fancied her for himself and humiliated Pushkin by giving him the lowest court position possible to keep him and his wife at court. Other suitors followed, including the French emigre Baron D'Anthes, who married the sister of Natalya just to continue his courtship of her. Pushkin, driven mad by rumors that he was a cuckold, demanded a duel with D'Anthes. In deep snow, Pushkin was killed by the Frenchman's shot.
他與17歲娜塔莉亞·察洛娃的婚姻導致了他的毀滅。因爲沙皇自己愛上了這個女孩，爲了報復普希金，給他安排了宮廷裏最低的職位來羞辱他。隨後娜塔莉亞其他的追求者也接踵而來，包括法國男爵德·安特斯，他娶了娜塔莉亞的妹妹實際上是爲了和娜塔莉亞再續前緣。普希金被自己戴了綠帽子的傳言折磨得要瘋了，於是他要求與德·安特斯決鬥。在厚厚的積雪中，他死在了這個法國人的槍下。
les Baudelaire
3.查爾斯·波德萊爾
In the catalog of vices detailed in this list, Charles Baudelaire represents the allure of opium, hashish, and exotic women. As an art critic and aesthetic theorist, he pioneered a view that art was free from the constraints of morality, while also introducing Edgar Allan Poe to the French through his translations.
在此記錄罪惡的列單中，波德萊爾代表的是鴉片，大麻和異國風情的女子。作爲藝術批評家和美學理論家，他提出了一個新觀點，即藝術不受道德的約束。同時他還通過翻譯把愛倫·坡的作品引進法國。
As a poet, his collection Les Fleurs du Mal of 1857 embodied his theories on art and introduced themes of death, decay, the grotesque, and the feeling of ennui that comes from urban living. Several of the poems were banned for a century in France, and Baudelaire was tried for offenses against public decency.
作爲詩人，他的代表作《惡之花》體現了他的藝術理論，介紹了死亡，衰落，怪誕以及城市生活的倦怠。其中很多作品在法國被列爲禁書，而且他本人還因有損社會風化受到過審查。
He led the excessive lifestyle espoused in his verse. He was expelled from school and contracted syphilis from a prostitute by the age of 18, which caused him pain and illness for the rest of his life. He refused his family's plans of a diplomatic career to pursue life as a man of letters, but he was frequently without money after his mother and step-father took control of his funds. They also rejected his Haitian mistress, the woman he called his “Black Venus.”
他生活中就像他詩中描述的一樣放蕩不羈。18歲時他從妓女那染上了梅毒，他不僅因此被學校開除，還被這病痛折磨了一生。他拒絕了家人給他安排的外交職業，而是堅持要做個文學家。但是他母親和繼父控制了他的資金之後他常常缺錢花。他們還反對被他稱爲“黑維納斯”的海地情人。
Spending his time among beggars, prostitutes, and the absinthe-drinkers of Paris, Baudelaire shared their need to escape from urban squalor to an artificial paradise by any means. With his fellow writer Gautier, he was part of a club of hashish users, as well as a heavy drinker and laudanum addict. His mother had to pay off his debts after he died at the age of 46.
波德萊爾與巴黎的乞丐，妓女和酒鬼混在一起，他和他們一樣想盡辦法逃出城市骯髒的貧民窟前往“人間天堂”。所以他和他的作家朋友戈蒂埃都是大麻俱樂部的一員，同時他們也都是酒鬼，癮君子。他的母親在他46歲去世後還不得不爲他還債。
rnon Swinburne
2.阿爾傑農·斯文本
Algernon Swinburne was a self-destructive drunkard and had some decidedly odd, perverse interests. He had noble forebears, was educated at Eton and Oxford (and nearly expelled from the latter), and spent time traveling in France and Italy. Much of his life was spent living with the drug-addicted artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti on Cheyne Walk in Chelsea before being forced to retire an invalid with the poet Theodore Watts-Dunton.
阿爾傑農·斯文本是個自毀的酒鬼，他有着一些極其奇怪又墮落的愛好。他的父輩們地位尊貴，他本人也曾就讀伊頓公學和牛津大學（差點被開除），遍遊法國和意大利。被迫與詩人西奧多·瓦·道頓一起隱退之前，他大部分時間是和吸毒成癮的藝術家但丁·加百列·羅塞蒂在切爾西市度過。
He was only 160 centimeters (5 ft) tall, suffered fits and tremors, lived on the edge of his nerves, and drank to excess, often until unconsciousness. His work is associated with decadence and regarded these days as overwritten, full of lush alliteration and internal rhymes. Swinburne specialized in exploring and glorifying themes that were shocking to Victorian tastes, some of which seem a little extreme even today. He had a particular taste for flagellation and liked to boast about indulging in bestiality and pederasty. His novel Lesbia Brandon was unpublished until the 1950s, and his 1868 collection Poems and Ballads contained work praising paganism, lesbianism, bisexuality, sadomasochism, cannibalism, and hermaphroditism so graphic that his publisher withdrew it from print.
他只有160釐米（5英尺）高。時而正常，時而瘋魔，終日生活在精神崩潰的邊緣。他常常還喝得大醉不醒。他的作品多以頹廢爲主題，而且他批判那個年代人們過多使用頭韻和內韻。斯文本專注於探索和宣揚那些在維多利亞時期駭人聽聞的主題，有些如今看來都有些極端。他有着獨特的重口味，喜歡鞭打虐待，宣揚獸交和雞姦。他的小說《女同志布蘭登》直到20世紀50年代才發表。他1868年的詩歌民謠集因爲含有宣揚異教，女同性戀，雙性戀，施虐受虐狂，自相殘殺，兩性畸形等內容遭到了出版商的拒絕。
French writer Guy de Maupassant met Swinburne in 1868 while he was living in Normandy. The first time they had lunch together, Swinburne showed Maupassant his extensive collection of illegal pornography, served monkey for lunch, and showed where his other pet monkey slept with Swinburne's lover. During the meal, Swinburne played with a flayed human hand. When Maupassant returned a few days later, he found Swinburne's lover shooting at a black man in the garden, while the pet monkey had been hanged from a tree. At lunch, he was fed liquor so strong he was nearly knocked out. He made his excuses and fled.
1868年，法國作家莫泊桑在諾曼底見到了斯文本。他們第一次共進午餐時，斯文本便向莫泊桑展示了他收集的大量非法色情文學書刊，還做了猴子給他吃並且告訴他其他的寵物猴子在哪裏和他的情人睡過覺。席間，斯文本還一直玩弄一個剝了皮的人手。幾天後，當莫泊桑再回來的時候，他看見斯文本的情人正在打一個黑人，而猴子已經吊死在了樹上。午餐時，他被灌了太多酒幾乎要不省人事，於是他找了個藉口趕緊逃走了。
iele D'Annunzio
1.加布裏埃爾·鄧南遮
Finally, we come to fascist crackpot Gabriele D'Annunzio. He was named after an angel but turned out to be a grotesque and sinister individual, having claimed, among other things, to have eaten the flesh of children. As a writer and poet, he was admired by Proust and Joyce. His 48 volumes of work explore the sensuous, brutal, erotic, and just plain bizarre. Needless to say, his works were banned by the Vatican.
最後，我們來說說法西斯瘋子加布裏埃爾·鄧南遮。他起了個天使的名字，實際上卻是個極其怪異陰險的人。他甚至聲稱吃過孩子的肉。作爲作家和詩人，他深受普魯斯特和喬伊斯的喜愛。他在48卷作品中探討了各種感性，殘酷，色情或單純的奇談。不用說，他的作品在梵蒂岡是被禁止的。
He found academic work easy—he could write to his parents in six languages by the age of 16, but he also developed a contemptuous eye for the rest of the human race. Influenced by Nietzsche, he viewed himself as a superman above the common herd.
他覺得學術工作很簡單——他16歲就可以用六種語言給父母寫信。他是天才，因此他鄙視其他所有平凡的人類。受尼采的影響，他覺得自己是超凡脫俗的超人。鄧南遮1897年開始從政，1910年負債逃往法國，並且成爲一名戰鬥機飛行員參加了第一次世界大戰。在此期間，他以其民族主義和原法西斯主義觀點備受矚目。他認爲意大利想要贏得國際社會的尊重就就應該犧牲一些年輕的生命。他的誇張修辭，種族觀點，露臺演講以及利用黑衣人攻擊反對者的做法對墨索里尼產生了極大的影響。他後來送給鄧南遮很多禮物，包括一架飛機和裝飾花園的一部分戰艦。
D'Annunzio entered politics in 1897, fled to France over debts in 1910, and became a fighter pilot during World War I. In this period, he became prominent for his nationalist and proto-fascist views. He believed it was necessary for Italy to win international respect by sacrificing the lives of its young in battle. His overblown rhetoric, racial views, balcony addresses, and use of black-shirted supporters to attack opponents were a big influence on Mussolini, who later sent D'Annunzio gifts including a plane and part of a battleship for his garden. His maddest venture came in 1919, when he and his supporters established their own city-state at Fiume after the Paris Peace Conference had given it to Croatia. D'Annunzio ran the city with a bizarre mixture of fascism and aestheticism. He instigated racially exclusive policies and a leadership cult while simultaneously including music as a fundamental part of the constitution and having the flowers around his bed changed thrice daily.
1919年，鄧南遮做了最瘋狂的事情。在巴黎和會把阜姆劃給克羅地亞之後，他和他的支持者一起在那建立了自己的城邦。他奇妙的結合法西斯主義和唯美主義來統治這座城市。他鼓吹種族獨立政策和領袖個人崇拜。同時，音樂要作爲國家的根本組成部分，還有他牀前擺放的花一天要更換三次。
He was notably priapic, but he treated his conquests with disdain. He went through wives, actresses, and courtesans, and he expected sex with his housekeeper three times a day. It was rumored that he had ribs removed so that he could fellate himself. His final lover turned out to be a Nazi agent, who possibly killed him with poison.
他是出了名的沾花惹草，縱慾無度，但凡是他征服了的人便不屑一顧。他身邊不斷地換着各種情人——少婦，演員，妓女，他甚至每天要和管家上三次牀。傳聞說他還抽掉了一根肋骨，以便能爲自己口交。誰知道最後一個情人竟是個納粹間諜，可能就是她毒死了鄧南遮。
注：本文轉載自前十網，譯者潘洪倩
