讓科學家告訴你裙子到底是什麼顏色
誰都沒想過一條裙子的顏色，居然能在網上掀起驚濤駭浪~白金？藍黑？傻傻分不清——分成兩大派系的顏色爭論讓多少人開始懷疑人生“敢情我活了這麼多年都不知道自己是色盲？！”……其實是這張照片暗藏玄機哦！就讓科學解釋爲你探探究竟吧！
“We are always making decisions about the quantity of light that comes into our retina,” said Cedar Riener, associate professor of psychology at Randolph-Macon College.
“進入視網膜的光線有多少，一直以來都是我們自己決定的，”蘭道爾夫-麥肯學院心理學副教授凱達瑞納這樣說。
This light, called luminance, is always a combination of how much light is shining on an object and how much it reflects off of the object’s surface, he added.
這種光線叫做亮度，一直都有兩部分組成：物體表面的光線和物體表面反射的光線。
“In the case of the dress, some people are deciding that there is a fair amount of illumination on a blue and black (or less reflective) dress. Other people are deciding that it is less illumination on a white/gold dress (it is in shadow, but more reflective).”
“在服裝的例子裏，有些人認爲在藍黑服裝上有相當數量的亮度（反射光線更少）。其他人則認爲白色或金色的服裝上的亮度更少（服裝處於陰影中，反射光線更強）。
This is just like the famous Adelson checkerboard optical illusion. In the image below, square A is exactly the same shade as square B, but they look totally different.
這個例子和著名的阿德爾森棋盤錯覺是一樣的。在如下的圖像中，方塊A和方塊B的色度是一樣的，但是他們看起來完全不同。
Our vision is heavily influenced by so-called “top-down” processing, John Borghi, a cognitive neuroscientist at Rockefeller University, told BuzzFeed News. Top-down processing “begins with the brain and flows down, filtering information through our experience and expectations to produce perceptions.”
我們的視覺很大程度上受到“自上而下”信息處理的影響，洛克菲勒大學認知神經科學家約翰波爾基這樣告訴BuzzFeed新聞。自上而下信息處理“首先通過大腦，然後向下處理，通過我們的經歷和預期過濾信息，從而產生感知。”
Each person brings a different set of experiences and expectations, as well as attention levels and particular eye movements.
每個人有不同的經歷和預期，同樣的，每個人注意力集中的水平和特別的眼球運動也都不一樣。
For example, what you looked at just before you looked at the dress could influence the way your brain perceived it, Borghi added. “It could also be that you’ve seen dresses (or fabric) with the same texture or shape before, which could also affect your perception.” This general phenomenon is called priming.
例如，你在看這條裙子之前所看到的事物可能會影響你大腦對裙子感知的方式，波爾基補充說。“也可能，你之前已經看到過同樣紋理和形狀的裙子或布料，這樣也會影響你的感知。”這種常見現象叫做激發效應。
Interestingly, scientists don’t know much about individual differences in perception, Riener said.
有趣的是，科學家們對個人感知的差異並不是很瞭解，瑞納說。
“The individual differences tend not to receive as much attention from perceptual researchers, since we focus on how eyes work in general,” he said. “And in general, our eyes work very similarly, since we all live in an environment where the color of the light is generally the same shade of blue.”
“自從我們重點關注大體眼睛如何處理信息之後，個體差異並沒有受到知覺研究者過多的關注，”他說。“一般來說，我們的眼睛處理信息都非常相似，因爲我們都生活在一個環境中，光的顏色是同樣色度的藍色。”
