當前位置

首頁 > 英語作文 > 英語寫作經驗 > 如何訓練雅思寫作的英式思維

如何訓練雅思寫作的英式思維

推薦人: 來源: 閱讀: 3.04W 次

大陸雅思考生在雅思寫作上的均分是在6分以下的,事實上,作爲雅思考試中比較有難度的一項,雅思作文想要拿高分很難,首先因爲文化的不同,很多考鴨不具備英語寫作的思維,這種思維不是1,2天就能通過技巧學習到的。小編就爲大傢俱體介紹一下如何才能更好地模仿英式寫作思維,並獲得雅思寫作考官的好感。

如何訓練雅思寫作的英式思維

如何訓練雅思寫作中的英式思維

首先大家要明白,如果腦袋裏有一箇中文的概念或者想法,要用英文來表達的時候總是免不了緊張,因爲由於中英兩國的文化不同,很多東西無法表達----非常可能不是因爲考生的語言問題,而是因爲這個中國的概念在英文裏面根本就不存在。有數字統計過中英兩國語言的詞彙量只有40%能互通(所謂的equivalent),而這就意味着剩餘的60%的表達肯定是和原文有很大出入的。

甚至很多我們生活中經常使用的語言,不假思索就能說出的概念,在英語文化裏很可能根本就沒有對應的表達,例如“熱鬧”這個詞,考生們可以試試能否在英文單詞中找到讓你滿意的對得上號的詞。“這個地方很熱鬧”這句話,根據語境可以有不同的翻譯,但是總體而言,“熱鬧”作爲一個詞來說,在英文裏幾乎是沒有對應的。

因此,我們才強調,寫英語作文,說英語口語,要用英語思維,不要用中式思維。這對於很多人來說是個很空洞的概念,只有當你真正用英語與外國人交流的時候纔會體會到英式思維的重要性。

這的確很難,因爲我們在中式思維裏面紮根的太深了。事實上,這也和兩國語言本身的特點有關。魯迅就說過,中文和外文比,吃虧就吃在不夠精確,具體到單詞水平,就是“詞彙量少”。因爲詞彙量少,因此中文特別講究“上下文”,一個模糊的詞只有在一個特定的語境裏面才能讓讀者感到一個特定的意思。

相比而言,英文在這方面就不是這樣,具體的說,大部分英語詞都是有着非常確定的意思的,因此,那些在中文裏面需要聯繫上下文才能端倪出的細微差別,也許在英文裏面只是另一個單詞而已。記住這點,筆者下面所說的也許會對諸位有用,在這裏,筆者提供一個方法,就是如果你腦袋中有一個想法的話,仔細想想你到底想精確說的是什麼意思。比如,當你想說某一個命題錯誤的時候,你最好想清楚它到底錯在哪裏,“illogical, irresponsible, biased, prejudice, fallacy, untrue”這些詞之間都有着或大或小的差別,所以主要想看你到底想說的是什麼。

綜上,各位考鴨如果想鍛鍊寫作的話,建議要做的第一樣功課,就是求精細。只有你自己求精細了,才能發現報刊、書籍中對相近的概念的不同表達法的精妙之處,纔會由衷地爲某篇文章的一個用詞會心一笑。寫作就是思維表達的一種形式。西方人直線式的思維方式體現在語言上就是西方人說話寫文章喜歡開門見山,把關鍵性的話放在開頭,然後再論及其它次要的內容。

而雅思寫作涉及到語言的方方面面,從語言的結構上來說最基本的因素包括遣詞、造句和篇章。螺旋與直入的思維差異就會影響到這些方面,具體包括修飾語與中心詞、句子和篇章。

修飾語與中心詞

英語的修飾語,如介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、定語從句等皆放在被修飾語的後面;而漢語的修飾語無論長短、繁簡,皆置於被修飾語的前面。體現了直入與螺旋的不同的思維方式。例如:

1. The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds of industrial harmful waste gases.

漢語“全世界的科學家”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。“淨化空氣、防止空氣受到各種有害工業廢氣污染的有效方法”同樣是修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則相反。

2. We appreciate your words about the relations between our two countries.

漢語“有關我們兩國關係的談話”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。“有關我們兩國關係”,同樣是修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則相反。

3. The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from the refrigerator.

“他從冰箱裏所能拿到的吃的東西”,修飾語在前,中心詞在後,而英語則是中心詞在前,修飾語在後。

4. The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world natural resources.

比較而言,該句主語太長,謂語太短,構成了不連續性修飾語,不過還是有些突兀,但修飾語還得後置。而漢語“怎樣合理分配世界自然資然的問題”仍是修飾語在前,中心詞在後。

句子

英語句子開門見山,其主謂結構是全句的“綱”,其餘成份是“目”,一般先下結論,後敘事,從近到遠,新近發生的事先出現,重心落在句首。漢語句子一般以邏輯關係和時間的先後順序排列,一般先敘事,後下結論,由遠及近,重心落在句尾。這種差異體現了直入與螺旋的不同的思維方式。

中國學生在英語寫作時往往會受漢語思維的影響,寫出下面的句子:

1. When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am grateful for that.

2. Tom’s mother died when he was only two years old, so he did not remember her.

3. After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened one after another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, we had been dismayed.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made us very joyful.

如果按英語直入的思維方式,以上幾句要改寫成:

1. I am very grateful for your help to me during my stay in Guangzhou last month.

2. Tom did not remember his mother who died when he was only two years old.

3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that happened one after another for three years after we left China in 1959.

4. It looked rain that evening, yet to our great joy, Dad came all the same.

這種思維方式的轉換要是更復雜一點,對中國學生來說,是需要操練的。例如:

1. 我認爲如果他們初次相識時,她很窮,他未必會愛她。這位女性由於對他有好感而幫助他,使他心存感激,這種感激之情很容易發展成爲真摯的愛情。

I do not suppose he would have loved her if she had been poor when he first knew her, but the gratitude which he felt for the help which he owed to her kindly interest in him easily developed into a sincere affection. (條件關係和多層因果關係的轉換)

2. 她去深圳參加一個會議,會議結束後,她就到香港去購物,昨天才回來。

She came back yesterday from Hong Kong where she had gone shopping after the meeting in Shenzhen.(時間順序的轉換)

段落篇章

總體而言,英文篇章,一般都採用直線型的形式,尤其是說明文和議論文,更是一般——具體式的。英語篇章是a writer-responsible pattern, 即作者在篇章中有責任、有義務向讀者交代其主旨或目的。爲使讀者省時高效,英語篇章開門見山,一開頭就直接點明段落的主題句 (topic sentence) 或全文的中心思想 (thesis statement), 即亮明作者的觀點、態度、看法等;或者以引言開門,即“首先用一個熟悉的事實、觀點、故事、引言等開頭,然後直接見到作者全文的觀點思想”。

由以上分析可知,西方人的直線式思維和中國人的螺旋式思維存在明顯的差異,體現在語言中,幾乎滲透到語言的各個單位,包括詞彙、句子、段落和全篇。當然,筆者無意說思維模式孰好孰壞,正如我們不能斷言文化模式孰好孰壞一樣。但作爲學英語的中國人,學原汁原味的語言是我們要達到的最高境界。自然,這裏的語言也應包括discourse或text。

因此考生們要知道,一種思維是一種文化長期的積澱,它已進入該民族的潛意識,根深蒂固,如果只學語言本身,不會知其所以然,一旦到了使用語言時,漢語思維自然突現,寫出Chinglish, 渾然不知。此外,建議考生多背誦和模仿英語經典文章,如《新概念英語》第三冊上的文章,筆者認爲皆爲語言的精華,不但文詞優美,每課都是一篇範文,原汁原味,多讀這樣的文章,一定會有所啓發。由此看來,老生常談而又令人費解的“學會用英語思維”,倒不如換個說法——學會英漢思維轉換,即懂得英漢思維的差異,在平時讀書的時候去真實地領悟,久而久之,就能寫出地道的英文來,至少不會寫出那麼多的Chinglish。

綜上所述,想要取得雅思寫作7分甚至更高的分數,單靠所謂的模板和複雜的句式是做不到的,只有從寫作思維模式上進行改變,纔有可能取得好的寫作成績。而中式思維的根深蒂固必定會對正確的英語寫作思維產生阻力,因此,臨摹英式思維的文章以及閱讀海外學術著作對於轉變寫作思維有着至關重要的作用。

最後爲大家總結一句,想要拿到雅思寫作7分以上的分數,雅思寫作模板及一些複雜句顯然是不夠的,考鴨們需要在雅思寫作考試中注重訓練自己的寫作思維模式。各位考鴨不妨多去外文新聞網站及刊物上尋找這種思維方式,並不斷去模仿,這不僅有助於雅思寫作高分,更能提高自己的英文寫作能力,可謂一舉兩得。祝各位考鴨早日擺脫雅思寫作,和雅思說分手。

雅思技巧:雅思寫作攻克長難句

雅思寫作是學術性的寫作。有英語學習經驗的同學,一看到學術性幾個字,恐怕立刻想到的就是長難句:各種不同性質的從句在同一個句子裏面糾纏不清,讓我們這些看句子的人也是輾轉徘徊,大有大腦不過熱誓不罷休之勢。有的同學可能會很喜歡這種感覺,覺得寫出一個這麼“高級”的句子來充分體現了作者的語法功底和駕馭文字的能力。

誠然,複雜句,長難句是非常考驗寫作者的語法功底的;可是,這些句子的作用也僅限於考驗而已。想要單純通過長難句來在雅思寫作中取得好的分數,基本上是不可能任務。

寫作的目的,在於交流。因此,追溯複雜句產生的根源,我們應該能找到促使其產生和發展的交流需要。那麼,我們就應該明白,除非是爲了表達清楚意思,否則長難句是非常沒有必要的。但是,我們每每寫出來的長難句,卻與之背道而馳。

考慮這樣一個句子:We all know the IELTS test well, which stands for International English Learner Test System, when we are confronting the options of studying abroad which is increasingly heated as more and more parents want their children to acquire education in foreign countries, which is of great essence nowadays, when the competition is fierce and unemployment is a big issue。這個句子很長,59個單詞,包含了各種從句,但是這個句子表達意思並不清楚,說了很多,到後面把前面第一個分句的重點都丟了。還好裏面沒有明顯的語法錯誤,不然表意方面會更糟糕。這個句子的優點在於很長,可以湊字數;語法很多,可以吸引注意力(至於吸引注意力的後果是好是壞,那就不得而知了)。但是這個句子並沒有表達出一個完整的意思,這是寫作的大忌。何況,並不是每個人都如這個句子的作者一樣能夠駕馭語法,犯錯是不可避免的。

實際上,上面那個句子可以用幾個稍短的句子來表達。英語寫作中有一個基本的原則,叫做”One sentence, one point。”一句話一個意思。上面這個句子,首先是說我們很瞭解雅思;其次說出國現在越來越熱門,所以知道雅思的人越來越多;最後說出國熱的原因是競爭激烈就業壓力大。所以,完全可以用三個句子來表達。而且這三個句子中肯定有要用到從句的地方,並不會如有些同學所擔心的那樣影響分數。

事實上,從句的使用都是有條件的,不同的從句有不同的功能。名詞性從句是對名詞性成分的具體說明,而且往往是不得已而爲之,因爲英語中的名詞是很多的,名詞不能表達的概念能有多少呢?定語從句用於修飾,跟定語的作用一樣。要注意的是,定語是“限定語”,首要作用是劃出範圍。因此,定語從句首要的作用也是區別中心詞與其他概念,其次纔是補充說明。狀語從句是用來修飾動作或整個句子,有時間地點程度等等多種,但總是離不開具體描述這個中心。只有真正掌握了不同句子的不同作用,才能駕馭這些句型,真正實現“交流”的目的,達到理想的寫作效果。

雅思技巧:教你如何成爲完美雅思小作文達人

第一階段

第一個5小時:熱身

無論是什麼樣的 英語作文,都離不開 語法 的支持。它就像修房子的地基一樣,只有牢固的語法基礎,作文這座摩天大樓才能拔地而起。就小作文而言,我們可以將語法複習分爲兩個部分。即時態和句型。衆所周知,英語十二大時態乃語法之根本,然而雅思小作文僅需兩個時態即可搞定!從考官的滿分作文來看,除了首句用一般現在時,後面的句子都可以用一般現在時。當然有一種情況例外,就是如果給你的圖表上面有對將來的預測即你當前時間以後的情況的話我們就用一般現在時加表預測的 詞彙 來使用就可以了。句型方面要求也不是很高,在我們中學階段所學的簡單句和複雜句上面找尋最合適的就行了,原則上雅思小作文並不推薦大家使用太過於複雜的長難句。從滿分範文上就能看出端倪,一篇好的小作文就是在它身上摳不出更多的東西。所以,小品詞,插入語,非謂語動詞等的用法尤爲 關鍵 和重要,請大家在準備階段的時候多加複習。

第二個5小時:練習

此階段的練習並非小作文的練習,而是在正式進入攻堅階段前的準備性練習。請問你準備好了開始寫作文了嗎?相信大部分同學還沒準備好!怎麼辦?拿出你的新概念英語,不要看原文,只看作者翻譯的中文,嘗試着再翻回到英文去。看看你的版本和英文原版還差多少。堅持一段時間後你會發現你的翻譯水平上升了很多,至少是在句子翻譯上面你會逐漸習慣原文的精煉和巧妙。此乃前期階段練習寫作的不二之法!!

第二階段

第一個2.5小時:破冰

雅思官方規定了小作文寫作時間20分鐘最低字數150字,大作文寫作時間40分鐘最低字數180字。從這個層面就很好的印證了官方的那句話:”Writing Task 2 carries more weight.”小作文所佔分值不如大作文高,但並不代表着它就不重要,往往小作文寫得好壞足以影響後面大作文發揮的 心情 和狀態。那麼怎麼樣寫好一篇小作文呢?首先我們要確定所謂小作文究竟有哪些?其實就是兩大類:主流類(曲線圖、餅狀圖、柱狀圖和表格圖),非主流類(流程圖、示意圖和地圖)。針對不同的類別我們又不同的寫法,但無論怎樣都是遵循着遊戲規則來的,即官方的四大評分標準:TA(Task Achievement)(任務完成) C&C(Coherence and Cohesion)(連貫與銜接) LR(Lexical Resource)(詞彙資源) GR&A(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)(語法範圍與精確)。聽起來很抽象是不是?我們換成 新航道 給你的捷徑就是:三個六選一(選詞彙,選句型和選連接)加上一個分段技巧(按內部邏輯關係分段、找最少屬性分段和找對比和類比分段)的妙用就可以解決通殺大部分小作文了!再配合着五步解題法,那恭喜你,小作文方面可以獨步江湖了!五步解題法,即:看、分、解、定、寫。拿到圖表以後先看圖例和任務要求,再有一個清晰的分段,雅思考官非常注重文章的邏輯性,所以你要有脈絡清楚的分段,這是得 高分 的先決條件。然後解構分段後的內容,確定該寫和不該寫的部分,一篇好的高分作文是非常精煉的,你摳不出來任何多餘的部分。其次是定詞彙句型和連接,詞彙決定句型,再用不同的連接手段將其糅合成多樣化的句型搭配。這一切在3分鐘內完成,最後剩下15分鐘寫出字跡工整的一篇180字左右的小作文,並給後面的大作文留出足夠的時間和空間。看到此,你是否覺得小作文就是用現成的句型詞彙加連接的排列組合了呢?對,雅思官方沒有說小作文不能用套用句,它本來就是客觀性的描寫,所以用上3個六選一何嘗不可呢?那麼大家是否開始覺得想要試着寫寫了呢?且看第二階段。

第二個2.5小時:鞏固

曲線圖是所有小作文裏面最簡單和基礎的類別,寫好了曲線圖基本也就掌握了小作文的要領。曲線圖又分爲一根曲線,兩根曲線,三個曲線和四根曲線的模式,其中一根曲線不會考到,兩根曲線若干年前考過,三根曲線和四根曲線是目前最容易考的,但無論怎樣,曲線圖的寫法都脫離不了總體趨勢描寫、起始點、末尾點、最低點、最高點、交叉點和落差。做到這幾步,TA部分的分數也就不會低了。劍7Test2的那道題相當具有代表性,請在不看範文的情況下用上面所講的五部解題法並配合三個六選一的技巧寫出第一篇屬於自己的小作文。餅狀圖,顧名思義就是像餅一樣的圖形中給你不同的屬性所佔的不同部分,寫此文章最關鍵就是不能寫成流水賬,任務要求我們要Make comparisons,那麼我們就可以從這裏入手用同等屬性在不同餅裏面的上升下降保持不變來定位分段加比較,請注意在選詞上面要和曲線圖區分開來。同樣在劍7Test4裏爲我們提供了一篇非常好的四個餅的真題,此乃練習之絕佳材料。柱狀圖完全就是曲線圖的變體,橫座標上若是時間或者數字的話我們直接將每根柱子頂端連接後按曲線圖的寫法寫就行了,否則按餅狀圖的寫法寫即可。表格圖相對來說寫法較爲綜合,怎樣在給出的那麼多信息中找出最有代表性的寫是關鍵,從橫縱軸上入手,發現變量最爲豐富的用曲線圖和餅狀圖的混合詞彙句型帶出對比和描述即可,剩下的非關鍵信息點不寫也罷。寫完劍6Test2你會發現你收穫很多的!

第三個2.5小時:躍升考試大-中國教育考試門戶網站(da。com)

寫完前面四篇文章你是否發現你的文章和滿分範文還是不小的差距?這是很正常的,任何一個沒有接觸過雅思作文的同學都會經歷三個階段,即不知如何下筆階段,才思泉涌小作文寫成大作文階段,精煉到無限接近滿分範文階段。所以你現在需要做的事情就是拿起手中的滿分範文仔細鑽研,發現並找出它細微的小品詞,插入語,從句等,以求讓自己的文章更加精闢和精煉。下面一個應該解決的就是小作文的第二大類,非主流類的流程圖、示意圖和地圖了。此乃衆多 烤鴨 心中的夢魘,其實一樣不用害怕,只要你願意冷靜的花上幾分鐘時間去把它們的圖例和內容吃透,並按照要麼空間順序要麼時間順序或者是按照題目要求去寫就行了。而且,大部分非主流的小作文會給出足夠多的詞彙在圖上,你只需要利用不同的時間或空間的連接詞配合着多樣化的句型將其組合起來即可,理論上來說它們比主流類的小作文更加簡單!劍6Test3上那道蠶的生長過程以及絲綢的製造步驟便是最好的例證,你會詫異的發現原來滿分範文是那麼的簡單和容易。至於地圖題這個逐漸在擡頭的題型,劍5Test3上那道開超市的選址題會讓你清楚的認識到原來地圖題就是分析不同地點的優缺點並加以比較得出自己的結論,雖然它的寫法開始有了像大作文偏向的痕跡。總之,非主流畢竟是非主流,以不變應萬變乃破此類題之王道!

第四個2.5小時:完善

切記:任何武林絕學拿到以後仍需大量的練習才能笑傲江湖,小作文亦是如此!僅僅只是上面四篇文章還不足以讓你輕鬆自如的面對和鍛鍊身體控迎面而來的不同題型。那麼,藉助手中所有的劍3到劍7這五本真題集,把總共20道小作文題目都練習一遍。用五步解題法,藉助三大分段技巧和三個六選一將所給圖表一層一層剝開重新用最精闢的語言描述出來,再去吸取滿分範文的優點和總結考生低分範文的不足。你將來的小作文會讓考官眼前一亮的!

雅思技巧:常見雅思作文題目彙總

1. You are an university student who are living in the accommodation at the campus. One day you find something wrong with your accommodation. So you write a letter to the House Officer to tell them what happened, the reason you think, what you decide to do, and whether if it is right.

2. It is wrong that our government pay more money to the artist projects, for instance, there are more and more paintings and sculptures appearing at the public places, because there are more important thing to do. What's you opinion? Do you agree or disagree with it?

3. writing to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

4. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical condition and social development.

5. You have left college. But you didn't say goodbye to your friend who live in the room with you because he had a course at that time. Write a letter to him to appology and tell hem how you spend that days before you leave and how you get home. Then invite him to visit you.

6. Some people say the parents should except school to conduct their children's behavior and tell them what is 'right' or 'wrong'. Others say schools should take this responsibility. Please give your point about it.

7. Write to the agency officer and complain about the rent car which has sth wrong. Tell them the problems of the car you rent from the agency and your requiring.

8. As the developing countries and the third world countries, there are a funds, how to use it? Invest in the basic education or in the high-technology, for instance, computer? What's your opinion?

9. You are a foreign student. Write to the Student Union, introduce your hobbies and interests and ask information of clubs and societies. You want to join a club or society enjoy your time when you study there.

10. Fast food is developing more and more popular. It replaces other traditional food. Some people think it is good, some people disagree with it. What's your opinion about it. Give some reason of your opinion.

11. A friend will visit Beijing. You will meet him at airport. But for some reason, you have to be late. Explain the reason. Since you haven't meet each other, tell the friend where you will meet and how to recognize each other.

12. More and more children's writing & math ability are affected by computers and calculators. We should limit the use of those tools. Disagree or agree.

13. you have broke your leg and have to stayed in hospital. you received many cards and letters from your classmates. write a letter to tell them your detail of your position and thank them at the same time.

14. some people say that it is impossible for women to be an effective women and to be a good mother in home at the same time. they also suggest that the government should give the salary to mothers who stay at home to take care of their children.

15. Your friend write to you and tell you that he is hesitating to chose computer or history as his major in university. Write to him and tell him your opinion.

16. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical conditions and social development.

17. You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and ask for a new room nest term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reason.

18. Who has responsible for our old people?

19. Write to the agency officer to complain about a rent house by them. Tell them the problems of the house and your requiring.

20. You read an ad about a sale of a shop in the local newspaper, when you came to buy the goods you wanted, you find the sale had ended. Write to the shop manager and complain about this. Require for the compensation.

21. Write to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

22. You are accepted as an oversea student by an university. Before you go to the university, write to the student officer and ask them sth about the accommodation, the transportation,and the class schedule.

23. You are a history teacher at a high school. You see an ad at the local newspaper to introduce the local museum which coincidens with what you teach now. Write to the museum officer and tell them that you want to bring your students to visit it.

24. Write a letter to your friend and express thanks for his present which was brought to you during you were ill at the hospital.

25. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year 2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think? Give reasons for your answer.

26. The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Give reasons for your answer.

27. People can do longer expect a job for life. What should individuals and governments do to prepare the current and future environments for different working conditions?

28. As technological innovation brings about rapid changes and retraining becomes a lifelong necessity, industry should take over more and more of the responsibility for education.

29. It is more important for governments to ensure adequate standards of housing, education and health care for their citizens by developing the industrial base than to use their resources to develop the rural areas.

30. Business education and training today must promoter environmental awareness.

31. Whilst studying abroad provides an opportunity to broaden one's experience, it also presents the danger of negative influences from the host culture.

32. Technological advances continue to improve manufacturing efficiency; the weight of a drinks can has come down from thirty-five grams to about fifteen grams, for example, and modern cars and production techniques are much more energy efficient. Governments need to control the environment rather than controlling industry, as companies already control their resources very efficiently.

33. Training for work is far more important than proving a broad-based education.

34. What steps should a student take in preparing for tertiary education and what would be the benefit of taking such steps?

35. The developed world should lead by example and not insist that aid to the Third World is used to develop rural areas.

如何訓練雅思寫作中的英式思維