雅思寫作的3種基本結構分析
雅思寫作中結構起着很重要的作用。一篇語言華麗，但卻毫無結構的文章是遠遠不及一篇結構清晰、語言樸素的文章的。可見結構乃寫作中的重中之重。雅思大作文寫作一共可分爲兩種類型。Report & Argumentation .而每種類型都有着他們特定的結構。我將結合題目的問法一一向大家介紹。
雅思寫作的3種基本結構分析
當我們坐在考場時遇到這樣的題目：It is said that people's life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it? 或者遇到這樣的字樣what is the reason, what is the affect ,what should our government do?那麼恭喜你，你遇到的是典型的一篇report.
那麼report文章的結構應該是怎樣的呢?很簡單。只要分四段就OK啦。第一段：不用說啦，引出來題就好了，只是report文章不需要有什麼觀點存在，只要說明現象就可以。第二段，就要寫引起這件事的reason.第三段：自然就是affect了。就順着題目的問法一段段寫就OK了。第四段：也就是how to solve it.怎麼樣?挺簡單的吧。
Report 文章一般出現的機率不會太大。所以考試前一要看Google預測，二就要關注一下前幾次考試有沒有出現Report，如果沒有出現，準備一下嘍。但是這樣的文章好寫吶。遇到就先高興一小下。好好把握語言。
Argumentation:這是我們最爲熟悉的essay了。一共可以有三種結構。一邊倒 2+1 Balance
一邊倒:當我們在考場遇到這樣的題:Do you agree or disagree? 或者是What's your opinion?
你就要想到應該用一邊倒的寫法了.在一邊倒結構中,建議分五段.
第一段:因爲在題目中一定會有提出兩方觀點,所以在第一段的時候也要亮出雙方觀點(萬萬不可抄寫題目,要把題目的意思換個句式說法) 同時亮出你是同意或者不同意,或者是你的觀點是怎樣.通常第一段會有固定的模式,這樣看你自己的句套是怎樣設計.
第二段:要講你爲什麼支持你的這個觀點.通常在這一段中會有5句話.第1句就是你爲什麼同意你這個觀點的第一個理由(IDEA),第2句到第4句便是你這個IDEA的說明句.第5句便爲這一小段的小總結.
第三段:寫你支持你這個觀點的第二個IDEA,寫法同第二段.
第四段:寫你支持你這個觀點的第三個IDEA,寫法同第二段.
第五段:便是文章的結尾段.這一段中要再一次明確你的觀點.
2+1:當在考試時遇到這樣的題問:To what extent do you agree or disagree?或者How far do you agree or disagree? 或者Discuss the advantages and disadvantages about…? 此處建議使用2+1寫法.2+1寫法也爲五段式.
第一段: 此開頭段一定要直接說明你的觀點,而且是必須表明.(爲了方便闡述,這裏將雅思很BT做爲觀點)
第二段:這一段要寫的,是你自己觀點的一個反面說明,也就是這段你要寫你認爲雅思也不是很BT.此段的結構安排同上述段落的寫法.
第三段:便爲你支持你自己觀點(雅思很BT)的第一個支持方IDEA.寫法同上.
第四段:爲你支持自己觀點(雅思很BT)的第二個支持方IDEA.與法同上.
第五段:便爲總結段.同樣要再次明確觀點.
通過2+1結構大家可以看出,我們有一段是反對自己觀點的,有兩段是寫支持自己觀點的.從字數上便可以看出我們的側重面是哪.題目都是問在怎樣的程度上同意或者不同意.所以我們要把這個程度寫出來,所以要從兩個方面來寫自己的觀點,即有兩段的支持,但同樣,什麼事情都沒有絕對,所以我們要寫一段觀點的缺陷.這時有的朋友會問,爲什麼要把反對的那一段放在第二段而不是第四段呢?這是因爲保持文章的流暢性.這樣使得三,四,五段都爲觀點的支持段,以免在考官會誤解你的立場不明確.
Balance:當在考場上遇到這樣的提問方式Do you agree?或者
Discuss the negative and positive. 你便要想到用平衡的寫法了.顧名思義,許多聰明的朋友已經知道應該怎麼寫了.這樣的問題出來以後,題目本身會向你說明一個狀況,或者是出題人自己說的一個觀點.而你需要的就只是想出兩個IDEA.一個是支持作者觀點的IDEA,另一個是反對作者觀點的IDEA.所以,這樣的結構文章,可分四段式.
第一段:用你的句套啦.但是記住,這裏不便不用寫觀點了.只是對題目分析就OK了.
第二段:可以寫你支持作者觀點的IDEA.寫法同上.
第三段:便爲反對觀點段.
第四段便是一個總結了.
怎麼樣?平衡的寫法好寫吧.但是好寫的通常考的不會太多.33遇到一回.就是最後一次考雅的時候遇到的.
通過以上文章結構的分析,就會解答許多戰友們提出的是寫四段式還是五段式的問題了.因爲是要根據不同類型的問題而採取不同問法的.由於時間緊,所以沒能拿出範文來講解.如果有範文,我想說明得會更加明白.
現在大家都知道複習時應該怎麼複習了吧.1.要了解雅思考題都會有怎樣的問法,熟練掌握各種問法所使用的結構.2要自己想許多的IDEA.由上述段落寫法時,大家可見通常一篇文章中都需要三個IDEA.所以沒有IDEA怎麼才能支持你自己的觀點呢?文章會沒有說服力的. 3是要練好基本功,基本功怎麼練請見。
通過以上文章結構的分析,就會解答許多戰友們提出的是寫四段式還是五段式的問題了。因爲是要根據不同類型的問題而採取不同問法的。
雅思寫作範文：人們工作生活失去平衡的原因
Task：Many people fail to achieve a balance between work and the other parts of life. What causes the situation? How to overcome this problem?
思路解析：
1. 根本的原因之一在於，巨大的工作競爭和壓力讓人們變成工作狂。爲了保住飯碗，他們不得不長時間的加班，開會，來確保他們在工作上有一個好的表現，也表現出他們對於公司的貢獻和忠誠。
2. 另外一個原因在於，科技不斷地提高着人們的工作量和工作預期。舉例，電燈的發明讓員工們在晚上加班成爲可能;手機也模糊了工作和休息的界限，讓人們在私人時間，週末，甚至是出門旅遊的時候，也總是接到關於工作的短信和指示，這讓他們無法顧忌自己的休息和照顧家庭。
3. 如何恢復工作和生活的平衡，取決於如下幾個方面：首先，公司應該提供終身的工作合同，這能減少員工對於下崗的恐懼和壓力，也讓他們能把一些注意力用於個人生活。此外，工作時間應該被嚴格控制，禁止深夜和週末的加班。此外，人們在私人時間的時候，也應該遠離那些通訊工具，不然自己被工作信息所困擾。
參考範文：
Nowadays, there has been a heated social trend that the whole life of people tends to be surrounded by work, so that they are lack of time for the personal lives. In the following words, I will give possible relevant causes and solutions to this social issue.
This phenomenon stems from many causes, and the first one is about employment. In fact, limited job positions, in conjunction with the overpopulation and a declined economy, make the job competition increasingly fierce. For the security of jobs, all employees have to devote themselves into work to keep a good performance. Besides, working hard also represents their loyalty and values to the companies.
Another direct cause is driven by new technologies which serve a function of enhancing the working expectation among employees today. For example, the invention of electronic lights has made working at night available for workers, thus prolonging the work time. Similarly, the wide application of cell phones blurs the border between working and living. In leisure time of weekends and holidays, calls and messages from the companies, leaders of workplaces and clients frequently interrupt and even cancel the leisure plans of employees, as well as stealing their private time that could be spent on the family, children, and parties with friends.
In order to recover a balance between working and living, I think there should be combinative efforts of social laws, companies and individuals. Firstly, it is the responsibility of the government to strictly enact and carry out the laws of limiting the number of working hours in all positions of companies, which can ensure that employees have enough private time for leisure, exercise and family. Secondly, on the level of companies, they should provide life-long contracts, instead of temporary ones, to staff. Under a long-term security of employment, workers would get rid of the fear of losing jobs, and can devote themselves into working in moderation, rather than becoming workaholics. Lastly, employees should change a work-oriented lifestyle after a hard day at work, for example, ignoring emails, text messages and instructions sent from companies, which is a good way helping them to shift their concentration from working back to living.
(361 words)
雅思寫作範文：電腦遊戲危害
Task：Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every aspect. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample answer：
In recent years, the prevalence of computer games has exerted a significant effect on children's life. As to whether they affect children negatively, there is an endless debate. Despite the fact that playing computer games is an effective way to relieve pressure, the problems associated with study and health cannot be neglected.
Clearly, playing computer games is regarded as a main factor leading to poor academic performance. With the entertaining nature, computer games will easily distract children from their studious pursuits. With the passage of time, children will probably fall behind their peers in academic development. In addition, when children spend too much time playing computer games, they are less likely to participate in physical activities, which is one reason why many children suffer from obesity. As a result, these overweight children’s confidence may be undermined and their health may be negatively influenced as well.
Despite these disadvantages, the advantages can still not be ignored. First of all, the latest research shows that game-playing helps children to hone their communication and interpersonal skills. In many cases, players work together in teams to achieve goals, competing against other players. Therefore, their social skills and teamwork spirit are put to the test. Also, computer games can have positive and therapeutic effects on players. Games provide an opportunity for children to decompress and tune out of strains and stresses of everyday life. Giving their mind time to rest is critical for emotional and mental well-being.
In conclusion, it is not advisable for children to play computer games, for the reasons that it not only has a negative impact on their study, but also makes them lose confidence, although computer games provide a form of relaxation.
(282 words)
雅思寫作範文：同輩壓力對於年輕人的影響
Task： Young people are often influenced in their behaviors and situations by others in the same age. This is called “peer pressures”. Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?
思路解析：
1. 首先，同齡人的壓力會消除個性。舉例，在這種壓力下，年輕人總是關注，模範和跟隨他人，包括了衣着，口味和行爲。這種一致性讓孩子們慢慢失去自我認知(self identity)。
2. 同齡人的壓力還會導致年輕人犯錯。舉例，如果有同伴有着糟糕的生活習慣，如吸菸，喝酒和吸毒的話，那麼這個年輕人就會忍不住去嘗試，並最終上癮。此外，爲了服從某個團體的所謂規矩，天真的年輕人會被迫使加入一些團伙犯罪活動之中，如偷竊，搶劫等。
3. 當然，某些適當的同輩壓力也會給年輕人的進步帶來動力。舉例，在學校學習中，來自其他同學的良好的學習表現是一個天然的壓力，會刺激一個年輕人更努力的聽課，思考和完成作業。此外，如果朋友們有着去圖書館的習慣，那麼這個年輕人也會被鼓勵去學習和閱讀。
參考範文：
Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behavior in order to conform to group norms. In my view, peers bring more negative influences on a youngster than the positive ones, and my reasons would be explored as below.
Individuality is removed. Actually, for the purpose of receiving the social acceptance, young people might consciously compel them to approve of and comply with ideas, views and behaviors of other peers, instead of obeying their inner hearts. One typical example is lifestyle. As living in groups, unconditionally catering to even-aged students and students around is the main way of young people to avoid being labeled as eccentrics, such as by blindly following their tastes of food and clothing, hairs, music and amusements like sheep.
The high vulnerability to peer pressure is a reason of youth violence and crimes. In fact, if companies have poor values and illegal behaviors, the youth would be brainwashed by the evil. For example, gravitating to young friends abusing alcohol or drugs, a youngster is very likely to try these new things, thus trapped in the addictions of unhealthy and unlawful habits. Similarly, in order to succumb to rules of a gang, a teenager would engage in social crimes, like thefts, school bullying, vandalism, arson and rape. Consequently, the ill influence from peers will ruin the life of youngsters.
Admittedly, to some extent, the influence of peers is valuable, because a moderate peer pressure can sharpen good qualities of the youth. For example, in school education, the pressure of classmates is a natural motivation for a young student to study hard. In addition, when a child knows his or her friends have a habit of reading books in library regularly, he or she will feel tempted to do so. Therefore, a positive impact of peers can help to keep a child on a right track.
In conclusion, risks from peer pressures are over the benefits. Although children can be driven by pressures of classmates to work hard in school education, the adverse effects of such pressure on depersonalizing teenagers and forming ill behaviors and illegal minds among them should never be underestimated.
(371 words)
