要找工作？去勞工市場看看吧

An occupation may be a great fit for you based on what you learned about your personality type, interests, skills and values after doing a self-assessment. From your research about the nature of the work, you think it is something you would enjoy doing. You have even found out how much training you will need and are ready to get started. Now here's one more question: Will you be able to build a career in this field?

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自我評估後，基於自己的人格類型、興趣、技能和價值，你可以找到適合自己的職業。通過對工作性質的研究，你會明白自己喜不喜歡做這個工作，還知道需要多少的訓練後，方能準備開始做這個工作。現在我再問一個問題：你能在這個領域幹出一番事業嗎？

Data about employment by location and occupation, labor supply and demand, Earnings, unemployment and demographics of the labor force make up what is known as labor market information. In the United States the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and analyzes statistical data about the labor market in this country. This independent agency disseminates that information to the Congress, other federal agencies, state and local governments and the public. Many countries throughout the world have agencies similar to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

勞工市場信息是由工作地點，職業，勞動力供求狀況，收入，失業人數和勞動力人口統計所構成的就業數據。在美國，勞工統計局收集和分析本國勞動力市場的統計數據。該獨立機構把信息傳播給國會、其他聯邦機構、州政府和地方政府以及公衆。世界上許多國家都擁有類似美國勞工統計局這樣的機構。

If you are in the exploration phase of the career planning process, labor market information is a valuable resource. You can use it to find answers to many questions, including:

如果你正處於職業規劃的摸索階段，勞工市場信息就是個寶貴資源。你可以從中找到許多問題的答案，比如：

Which industries employ people in this occupation?

這個工作哪個行業僱人？

Where will I be able to find a job?

我在哪兒能找到工作？

Will there be opportunities in the field I am considering after I complete required training or education?

在完成所需的培訓或訓練後，我還有機會進入我想進的那個領域嗎？

How much will I earn?

我能賺多少錢？

How many people are employed in the occupation you're interested in? Is it a fairly large field or a pretty small one? You can use the US Bureau of Labor Statistic's National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates to find this information for approximately 800 occupations.

你感興趣的這個職位要僱多少人？這個領域是相當大的還是十分小？你可以進入美國勞工統計局的全國職業與工資評估，能找到大約800種工作。

This is also the resource you will use to see what industries employ people in this occupation. How about earnings? You can find that here too.

你也可以利用這一資源來看看什麼行業的這個職位在招人。至於收入，你同樣能在這看到。

To use the National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, select the major occupational group that contains the occupation about which you are interested in learning. Then choose the occupation. For example, if you want to see information about computer programmers, select "Computer and Mathematical Occupations" and then "Computer Programmers." You will arrive at a page that displays a table containing employment estimates and mean hourly and annual wage estimates for this occupation. You will also see the percentile wage estimates, including the median, 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles. Percentile wage estimates give you an accurate look at the range of earnings in an occupation.

利用全國職業與工資評估，你能夠挑選出主要的職業類別，這裏面就包括了你感興趣的那個職位。然後你就選擇這個職位。例如，要是你想看有關電腦程序員的信息，選擇“計算機和數學職業”，然後選擇“電腦程序員”。這時你會看到一個頁面，上面顯示的表格包括了職業評估、平均每小時的工資評估和年度工資評估。你也能看到百分位數工資評估，其中顯示了中位數、第10、第25、第75和第90的百分位數。百分位數工資評估能讓你準確看出這一職位的收入範圍。

This resource also presents information about employment by industry. You can see which industries have the highest levels of employment, the highest concentration of employment and the highest wages for an occupation.

全國職業與工資評估裏還呈現了行業僱傭的信息。從中你能看到哪個行業有最高的就業率，最高的就業集中度以及哪個職業的薪資最高。

Are you are willing to relocate for your career? If so, it may not matter to you. If you, however, want to work in a particular location, or if you would like to avoid one, you need to find out where you have the best chance of finding a job in your occupation. There's no point, for example, of training to become a ski instructor if you are set on living nowhere other than South Florida.

你願意爲了你的職業搬家嗎？如果你願意，那麼就沒多大關係。但是，如果你想在一個特定的地點工作，或是想避開某人，你需要發現哪裏才最有機會找到本專業的工作。比如，如果你一心想住在南弗羅裏達州，那麼培訓成爲一個滑雪教練是沒有多大意義的。

The aforementioned National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates includes data on which states and which metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas have the highest levels of employment for an occupation. Just follow the instructions given above. Tables that contain this information, as well as ones that tell you which states, metro areas and non-metro areas have the highest wages, can be found for each occupation.

前面提到的全國職業與工資評估包含了各州、大都市區和非大都市地區某個職位就業率的數據。你只要按照上面的指示操作即可。每個職位都能從表格和評估數據裏找到，其中表格包含了職業信息，評估數據能告訴你這個職位在哪個州、大都市區和非大都市地區的薪資最高。

The BLS makes predictions about the US labor market that compares a base year to a target year that is 10 years later. This can be extremely helpful as you plan your career. You will want to know your chances of finding a job after you go to school or undergo other training. After all, you really want to prepare for an occupation if opportunities are going to be scarce. Keep in mind the BLS does not account for recessions or other economic anomalies. The agency generally publishes employment projections every other year.

美國勞工統計局對勞工市場做出預測，把基準年比作10年後的目標年。該預測對你的職業規劃是極有幫助的。在去了學校或接受了其他培訓後，你會想要知道找工作的機會。畢竟，若是機會越來越少，你真的得爲工作做準備了。牢記，勞工統計局並不解釋經濟衰退和其他經濟異常的原因。該機構只每兩年公佈就業情況。

One way to access the BLS's employment projections is through the Selected Occupations Data tool. This database gives you the option of searching by occupation or by education or training category. Use the latter if you want to narrow down your choices to only occupations that require a certain amount of preparation. Regardless of how you search, the output will include the following:

勞工統計局的就業規劃就是通過職業數據挑選工具獲得的。這個數據庫提供你職位、教育狀況或培訓類別的搜索選項。但不管你怎麼搜索，都會輸出以下內容：

Total Employment in Base Year and Target Year

基準年和目標年的就業總人數

Employment Change Between Base Year and Target Year

在基準年和目標年間的就業人數變化

Percentage of Workers in This Occupation Who Are Self-Employed

該職業個體經營者的百分比

Job Openings in Target Year Due to Growth and Replacement Needs

由於增長和更換需求造成的目標年職位空缺

Median Annual Wages

平均年薪

Most Significant Source of Post-Secondary Education or Training

中學後教育或培訓的最重要來源

The BLS also publishes lists of the fastest growing jobs, fastest growing industries and the occupations the agency predicts will add the most jobs between the base year and target year. This information is informative, but choosing an occupation solely because it is expected to experience rapid growth is a bad idea.

美國勞工統計局也公佈了需求增長最快的職位，發展最快的行業，以及預測在基準年和目標年將增加很多崗位的職業。這些信息很詳實，但選擇職業時僅僅因爲預計其會快速發展，這是很愚蠢的。

If geography is an important factor for you, you should also investigate what the future opportunities will be where you plan to live. The BLS does not make employment projections on a state or local level. Individual state agencies make those predictions which are conveniently gathered on the website Projections Central: State Occupational Projections.

如果地理位置對你很重要，你還應該查明未來的機會是什麼，計劃住在哪裏。勞工統計局不會根據州級別或地方級別來做就業規劃。個別國家機構做出的那些規劃通常被收集在規劃中心網站上：國家職業規劃。

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes two consumer-oriented resources that present labor statistics in a very user-friendly format. They are the Occupational Outlook Handbook and the Career Guide to Industries. While these publications don't cover all the occupations followed by BLS, they are extremely valuable and contain a wealth of information.

美國勞工統計局公佈了兩個面向消費者的資源，且以友好的界面格式顯示了勞工統計數據，分別是職業遠景手冊和產業職涯導覽。這兩本出版書籍雖然沒有覆蓋到勞工統計局提及的所有職業，但是極其寶貴，內容非常豐富。

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