高中英語名詞性從句的知識點分析
在高中的學習中，學生會學習到很多的知識點，下面本站的小編將爲大家帶來關於名詞性從句的知識點的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞詞組, 它在複合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱爲主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連詞可分爲三類：
①that(不充當從句的任何成分，無詞義。只起連接作用，因此往往可以省略。)
whether, if(不充當從句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性。不可以省略。)
as if,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)
②what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
③when, where, how, why
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.誰擦的黑板還不知道。
What he said is not true.他說的不是實話
That he’ll come to see us is really great.他來看我們真是太好啦。
I don’t know why he is absent.我不知道爲什麼他不在。
The question is whether he will join us next time.問題是下次他是否跟我們一起幹。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
1.主語從句
①由從屬連詞引導的主語從句：
Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.
那個國家是否應該建立核電站……
That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直線傳播
②由連接代詞引導的主語從句：
What we need is more time. 我們所需要的是……
Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.無論你選哪本書……
Whoever comes will be welcome.無論誰來……
③由連接副詞引導的主語從句：
When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飛機什麼時候起飛……
Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到過哪兒……
How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……
④關於形式主語 it
▲It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明顯……
It is likely that….很可能
▲It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that…人們相信……
It is known to all that…衆所周知……
(注意該句型的變式：It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.=As is known to all,the earth goes around the sun.=What is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.)
It has been decided that…已決定……
▲It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that…令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that…事實是……
可應用於此句型的名詞還有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
▲It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.
2.表語從句
可以接表語從句的連繫動詞有 be, look, remain, seem等等。
The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
……數百萬人死於由抽菸引起的疾病
The question remains whether we can win the game…..我們是否能贏得這次比賽
That’s just what I want. ……我想要的
This is where our problem lies. ……我們的問題所在
The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit……我們如何幫助吸菸的人……
注意：
①表語從句的表現形式除了用從屬連詞，連接代詞和連接副詞引導以外，還可以由as, as if，as though引導
Things were not as they seemed.
It looks as though it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。
②另外還要注意以下常用的兩種結構：The reason why…is that … (而不用 because)
It ( This, That ) is because…
The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他爲什麼被開除是因爲他工作不努力。
It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.
3.同位語從句
同位語從句一般由 that, whether 等連詞引導，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名詞的後面，說明該名詞的具體內容。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陸月球…….
I have no idea when he will be back. ……什麼時候回來
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill……Mary也許病了
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.……是否同意
4.賓語從句
賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語，某些形容詞的賓語以及非謂語動詞的賓語。
①及物動詞後的賓語從句：
She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要幫助的人……
I wonder why she refused my invitation……她爲什麼拒絕了我的邀請
②介詞後的賓語從句：
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我總是在思考如何提高我的口語水平。
The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老師對他所說的話很滿意。
③某些形容詞後的賓語從句：
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
……通過努力工作，你將取得更大的進步
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他沒有告別就走了
④非謂語動詞後的賓語從句：
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom,the foreigner smiled and said nothing
On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.
⑤關於形式賓語it
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
我們必須清楚任何違犯法律的人都將受到懲罰。
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我發現我們有必要徵求他的意見。
5.名詞性從句重難點
①在名詞性從句中，疑問句要用陳述句的語序。例如：
▲Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?
e Alice had put e had Alice put
e Alice has put e has Alice put
▲You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.
they were excited excited they were
excited were they were how excited
②動詞 doubt 用在疑問句或否定句中，其後賓語從句常用 that 作連接詞;用在肯定句中，連接詞用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。
Do you doubt that he will win ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .
He doubt whether I know it .
③ 否定轉移問題。
▲將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等動詞後面跟賓語從句時否定轉移
I don't think I know you. 我想我並不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來。
We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?
注意：若謂語動詞爲hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
▲將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
④主謂一致問題。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
What I bought were three English books.
⑤語氣問題
▲在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞後，that從句常用“should+ 動詞原形”的結構 I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建議我們應該立刻出發。
▲在It is +過去分詞+that的主語從句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested， required等。
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.
▲在表語從句或同位語從句中
The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
▲在It is(was)+形容詞+that從句中要用虛擬語氣，即(should +)動詞原形，表示建議或不滿、驚奇等情緒。常用於此類的形容詞有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等 It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.(上海1993)
ers ld master ered master
⑥What引導名詞從句的特殊含義:
▲What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
(what爲“所……的事”，相當於“the thing that…;all that…;everything that…”)
▲After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed.(M ET'93) h
(what相當於“the time that”，表示“……時間”)
▲He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?
(what表示“……的人”，相當於“the person that…”)
▲What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
(what表示“……的地方”，相當於“the place that…”)
▲Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的數目”，相當於“the amount /number that…”)
⑦不可省略的連詞：
▲介詞後的連詞不可省略
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
下樓之前，我已經把我要說的認真準備好了。
▲引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被選上了，我們很高興。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。
▲賓語從句有多個that引導時，從第二個及其後面的that不能省略
I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.
⑧比較：whether 與 if 均爲“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
▲whether 引導主語從句在句首
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .她是否來與我無關。
▲引導表語從句
His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他問第一個問題就是她來了沒有。
▲引導同位語從句
Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否來的問題。
▲whether 從句作介詞賓語
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我擔心是否傷了她的感情。
▲與or not連在一起
I don’t know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末，用it 充當形式主語。例如：
It is not important who will go. 誰去，這不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底誰贏呢，形勢尚不明朗。
點擊下頁查看更多高中英語的直接引語和間接引語的知識點 高中英語的直接引語和間接引語的知識點一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改爲間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1. 時態的變化：直接引語變爲間接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態，即把原來的時態向過去推，也就是一般現在時變爲一般過去時，現在進行時變爲過去進行時，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化： 根據意義進行相應的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改爲間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因爲原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked，可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改爲間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變爲帶to的不定式，並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞，如果祈使句爲否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型爲：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關係。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨着主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下：
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意：
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用“情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結構。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結構的謂語，其被動語態分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別：“連繫動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構成的系表結構，與被動語態的形式完全一樣，所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞，多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者，而後者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾，被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)
5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
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