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none的用法詳解

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  1. none 與 no one / nobody 及 nothing

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no one / nobody 常用來指人,作主語時謂語動詞要用單數形式;nothing 常用來指物,作主語時謂語動詞也要用單數形式;none 可指人也可指物,作主語時,如和 of 連用指不可數名詞時,謂語動詞要用單數形式;指可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單、複數均可。如:

None of this money belongs to me.

No one likes a person with bad manners.

None of them has / have seen me before.

Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.

注意:

1 ) none 可與 of 連用表示範圍,而 no one / nobody 及 nothing 不可。

2 ) none 可用來回答 How many / much…? 的特殊疑問句;而 no one / nobody 及 nothing 則分別用來回答 Who…? 和 What…? 的特殊疑問句。如:

— How many birds are there in the tree?

— None.

— What is in the box?

— Nothing.

— Who is in the classroom?

— No one / Nobody.

3 ) none 可用來回答“ any + 名詞”構成的一般疑問句:而 nobody 和 nothing 則分別用來回答由 anybody 和 anything 構成的一般疑問句。如:

— Is there any bread left?

— No,none at all.

— Is there anything in the sky?

— No,nothing.

4 ) none 可用來指代前面提到過的人或物;如無指代時可用 no one / nobody 及 nothing .如:

We had three cats once — none of them is alive now.

  2. none 與 not all / all…not

not all / all…not 表示三者或三者以上的部分否定;而 none 表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。如:

Not all ads are good. 並非所有的廣告都好。

  3. none but,nobody but 及 nothing but

nobody but 表示單一概念,謂語動詞用單數形式;none but 可指人也可指物,通常指前面提到的同一事物,謂語動詞要用複數形式; nothing but 泛指 but 後事物以外的任何事物。如:

Nobody but he is often late for school. 除他以外,沒有人上學常遲到。

None but fools have even believed it. 除了傻瓜,沒有人相信這一點。

There is a variety of fruit, but he chose nothing but an apple.

這兒有很多水果,但他只選了一個蘋果。

  4. 其他用法

1 ) none 可指物質名詞或抽象概念,構成短語 have none of ,意爲“不允許;不接受;拒絕參加”,常和 will / would 連用,表示意願。如:

I will have none of your stupid ideas!

2 ) none other than 意爲“就是;恰恰是”。如:

The new arrival was none other than the President.