小學英語語法入門
小學英語語法入門，要學習哪些語法知識呢?下面是本站小編給大家整理的小學英語語法入門的相關知識，供大家參閱!
代詞是代替名詞的詞類。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞可以分爲九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關係代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞。
一、 人稱代詞
1、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數和格的變化，見下表：
單數 複數
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
第三人稱 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
2、人稱代詞的用法
(1)代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格：
He has great concern for them. 他很關心他們。
They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。
She gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。
(2)人稱代詞作表語時，用賓格時較多，特別是在口語中，例如：
Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 誰敲門?-是我。
If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收這個意見。
Imagine yourself to be me. 設想你是我。
但在下面這種結構中卻常用主格：
It was he who did it.
It is she who wants it.
在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格：
He is more intelligent than her.
He is taller than I am.
3、在使用人稱代詞時還應注意以下幾點：
(1)we, you兩詞有時可用來泛指一般人：
We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.
在這樣的情況下大家應特別小心。
We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.
即使在危急時刻也要保持冷靜。
They也可用來泛指某一些人：
They don’t allow us to smoke here. 這兒不讓抽菸。(They代表誰不清楚)
They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 現今做不出象樣的傢俱。
(2)she可以用來代表國家、船隻、大地、月亮等：
I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英國會履行她的諾言。
The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 東方號輪船明天進港，是嗎?
(3)在並列的主語中，I總放在最後：
Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生負責這項工作。
小學英語語法入門：疑問代詞1、疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來構成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個：
指人：who, whom, whose
指物：what
既可指人又可指物：which
2、疑問代詞在句中應位於謂語動詞之前，沒有性和數的變化，除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較：
疑問代詞：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國的領土擴張是朝哪個方向的?
限定詞： Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書是誰的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬於美國?
3、無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞，which 和 what 所指的範圍不同。what所指的範圍是無限的，而which則指在一定的範圍內，例如：
Which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜歡什麼樣的姑娘?
4、who通常作主語和表語，whom作賓語，例如：
Who is to take the chair? 誰做主席?
Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語，置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校園裏和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語，置介詞 後，不能用who取代。)
5、Whose, what, which這三個疑問代詞可以用作：
(1) 主語：
What happened next? 後來怎麼樣了呢?
Whose is better? 誰的好一些?
Which is yours? 哪是你的?
2) 表語：
What’s your father? 你父親是幹什麼的?
Whose is it? 這是誰的?
They are so alike, you can’t tell which is which. 他們是那樣相像，你都分不出誰是誰了。
(3) 賓語：
What do you mean? 你是什麼意思?
Which do you prefer? 你願意要哪一個?
Whose are you going to borrow? 你預備借誰的?
(4) 定語：
Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火車?
What time shall we meet again? 我們什麼時候再碰頭?
Whose umbrella is this? 這是誰的雨傘?
6、疑問代詞還可引導名詞性從句，例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告訴我牀上的藍襯衣是誰的嗎?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你說的我大部分同意，但並不完全贊同。
小學英語語法入門：指示代詞表示“這個”，“那個”，“這些”，“那些”等意思的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞分單數(this / that)和複數(these / those)兩種形式
1、指示代詞用法：
(1) 作主語：
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
This is what I want to emphasize. 這就是我想強調的。
This is a chair. 這是一把椅子。
That is Linda's book. 這是琳達的書。
Whose pens are those? 那些是誰的鋼筆。
(2) 作賓語：
We should always keep this in mind. 我們應當經常記住這一點。
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個。
Have you read this? 你讀過這個嗎?
I like these but she likes those. 我喜歡這些，而她喜歡那些。
(3) 作表語：
My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。
Her plan is this. 她的計劃是這樣的。
His worries are those. 他的煩惱就是那些。
(4) 作定語：
You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在這個時候游泳。
I don't like that man. 我不喜歡那個人。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。
2、指示代詞的用法區別
(1) this和these一般指在空間和時間上較近的事物，that和those一般指在空間和時間上較遠的事物。
例：This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.
這是一張中國地圖，那是一張世界地圖。
Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 請這邊走，我們從那扇門進去。
In those year they led a hard life. 在那些歲月裏，他們生活得很艱難
2) this和these常指後面將要講到的事物，有啓下的作用，that和those常指前面已經講到過的事物，起承上的作用。
例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我將對你說這一點：他是一個誠實的人。
He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他沒來的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花費了他5美元。
(3) that和those有時可用來代替前面提到過的東西，以避免重複這個名詞：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 這些機器比我們去年生產的好。
The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油產量比1986年高很多。
The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中國的歷史同俄國的歷史一樣有趣。
(4) 在電話中，this表示打電話者，that表示接電話的對方。
例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鮑勃。
B: Who's that please? 請問是哪位?(美語用Who's it?或Who's this?)
3、such也是一個指示代詞，在句子中可用作：
(1) 定語：
We have had such a busy day. 我們今天忙得真夠嗆。
I don’t like such weather. 我不喜歡這樣的天氣。
(2) 主語：
Such was my immediate impression. 這就是我當時的印象。
Such are the results. 結果就是如此。
(3) 表語：
His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病還不至於使人焦慮不安。
4、same也可以看作指示代詞，在句中能作定語、主語、表語或賓語：
She said the same thing all over again. 她把同樣的話又說了一遍。
The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有這種情形。
Our views are the same. 我們的看法是相同的。
“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好!”“新年好!”
