英語的非謂語動詞語法
非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分爲動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。接下來，小編給大家準備了英語的非謂語動詞語法,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用)
爬山是一項好運動。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分詞起形容詞作用)
你認識那個穿白襯衣的人嗎?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副詞作用)
他早早起牀是爲了趕上第一班汽車。
謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區別：
3) 謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
瑪麗教我們英語。(teaches 動詞作謂語)
or came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
維克托先生上週來到了我們教室和我們談話。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作狀語)
4) 謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制，而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜歡流行音樂。
(動詞用單數第三人稱形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天沒什麼事要做。(do 用原形)
非謂語動詞的特徵：
3 如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，後面須跟賓語。
Studying English is my favorite.
學習英語是我的愛好。(studying 後跟賓語)
To help him is my duty.
幫助他是我的責任。(help 後跟賓語)
4 非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在這樣的環境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語)
It's too difficult for him to master
English in such a short time.
他在這麼短的時間內掌握英語太難了。
(for him 作不定式的邏輯主語)
5 非謂語動詞仍有語態和時態的變化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
對不起讓你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
從山上看，這座城市美麗多了。
(Seen from...是分詞的被動形式)
6 非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我們的到來使他很高興。(coming 起名詞作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
這兒有兩個大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容詞作用)
非謂語動詞的形式變化：
不 定 式 主 動 被 動
一 般 to write to be written
進 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成進行 to have been writing /
現在分詞 主 動 被 動
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
過去分詞 一般 written
動 名 詞 主 動 被 動
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
分 詞
分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。
working worked washing washed
分詞可分爲現在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞後面加 ing 。 而過去分詞的形式則在動詞後面加 ed. 分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。
分詞作定語
China is a developing1 country.
中國是一個發展中國家。
That's an interesting story.
這是一個有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.
給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。
作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之後， 如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的後面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.
工人在這次活動中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫院。
There is nothing interesting.
沒什麼有趣的事。
分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關係來判斷， 有主謂關係的是分詞， 否則判斷爲動名詞。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分詞)
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (動名詞)
分詞作狀語
Being a student, he likes to help others.
作爲一個學生，他喜歡幫助別人。
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼鏡，她看書就好多了。
She is there waiting for us.
她在那兒等我們呢。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.
經老師一說，她知道自己不對。
分詞作表語
The story is interesting .
故事有趣。
We are interested in computer.
我們對計算機感興趣。
The glass is broken.
玻璃杯破了。
The water is boiled.
水是開的。
分詞作賓語補足語
可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。
I saw him walking in the street.
我看見他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.
我聽見他們在教室裏唱歌。
We found the boy sleeping.
我們發現小孩睡着了。
have 後面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發出的，而是由別人做的。
I have my hair cut.
我理髮了。(是別人給我理髮)
She has her bike repaired.
她把自行車修理了。(別人修理的)
They have their house rebuilt.
他們重修了房子。
分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步幹什麼，她停下來等着。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.
小女孩沒完成作業不敢去學校。
分詞的時態
分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發生或之前發生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老師進來，學生們停下來不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
回到家後，他就躺在牀上。
分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.
收到一封信後，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.
晚飯後，我出去散步了。
Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。
分詞的被動形式
分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關係。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建設的娛樂大樓明年完工。
