雅思寫作：巧妙轉述題目的官方指南
雅思小作文首段的任務就是改寫題目，看似簡單，但不是所有烤鴨們都有清晰的思路。“天下武功，唯快不破。” 考場上一定要能夠迅速改寫小作文題目，速度提升的關鍵就思路清晰，總結自官方指南的paraphrasing 祕籍速來領取!
# 招數1 “這個表格”替換 (主語)
具體化：什麼表格?(反之亦然，題目說具體表格類型，改寫時可換成簡稱)
The graph below -- The bar chart / The line chart / The pie chart
The graph and table – the data / the information (對於信息形式多樣的表格可以直接概括爲data數據或information信息)
Gives information 適合的情況下還可以替換爲illustrate the performance of
…gives information about Southland’s main exports -- …illustrates the performance of Southland’s primary exports
也可以把表格數量具體化： the pie charts – the two pie charts，另外，the 也可以換爲this
# 招數2 “展示了”替換 (動詞)
shows – illustrates / demonstrates 或compares 或gives information / provides infromation
除了常見的shows, illustrates, demonstrates這些同義表達的相互替換外，範文中經常會使用compares 或gives information 來表達。
# 招數3 關鍵詞替換
1. yearly/ annual …– …over the year / per year年均
Example: yearly rainfall – amount of rainfall over the year
the average number of hours of sunshine per year-- annual hours of sunshine
2. percentage – proportion 比例
3. male and female -- men and women 男性和女性
4. 職業類型 – who從句
Example: academic staff members across the faculties -- who taught in seven different faculties (academic staff：教職人員, 就是”who taught …”的意思)
5. typical – average “典型的”和“平均的”往往可以互換，比如“平均降雨量”
6. household – home 家庭的
Example: in a typical Australian household –in an average Australian home
7. be consumed – be used 被消耗的/使用的
8. the proportion of – where …is used
Example: the proportion of energy consumed -- where energy is used
9. by age range – of different ages 按不同年齡
10. give money to charity – donate(v.) / make donation (n.) 捐款
11. the changes that have taken place at … --…development …的發展
12. main exports -- primary exports 主要的
# 招數4 “項目“替換
具體化：類別A，類別B and 類別C – 3個類別(反之亦然，題目說類別個數，改寫時可換成具體類別名稱)
in Moscow and San Francisco -- in two cities
in three major cities -- in London, New York and Sydney
# 招數5 “動作“具體化
how a solar powered water pump works -- how a solar powered water pump is used to supply water for a village. (把work這個動詞在該寫時根據圖表具體化爲”被用來供水“)
# 招數6“數據“具體化
in 2003 and 2013 – in the years 2003 and 2013 (具體化“年“)
the online shopping sales -- the percentages of online sales (具體化數據類型：百分比)
# 招數7 時間表達
1. 時間段表達
from 2003 to 2012 – during the period 2003-2012
2. 將來時間
當題目中出現對於將來數據的預測時，可以用projection, prediction 來表達，另外，注意細節段落時態要轉換爲將來時。
in 2000, *20…, and future projections for 2025
# 招數8 詞性轉換+ 句型轉換
the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in Newport city centre -- how crime rates altered in Newport inner city
以上例子中，changes是名詞，可以說the changes that took place in…/ the changes of ...(使用的句式是定語從句或of 結構“…的“)
改寫之後的alter也表“變化“是動詞形式，句型也有the change that…/ of… 變成了how…V+ed (賓語從句)
把以上招數按照順序融會貫通，小作文題目改寫大法就練成了，讓我們來看一看紅藍OG中的具體題目以及改寫。
The graph below shows the percentage of male and female academic staff members across the faculties of a major university in 2012 (practice test 2, blue version)
Sample Answer:
The bar chart shows the proportion of men and women who taught in seven different faculties of a particular university in 2012.
The pie chart below shows where energy is used in a typical Australian household, and the table shows the amount of electricity used according to the number of occupants. (practice test 4, blue version)
Sample Answer:
The pie chart illustrates the proportion of energy consumed by different appliances in an average Australian home.
