直接引語與間接引語的時態區別
這篇文章的目的是讓你對兩種語體行爲有深刻的理解，當你該使用它們時，它們看起來是什麼樣子，以及它們之間有什麼區別，例如它們在時態、代詞和句子整體結構上的變化。
I will also show you how to make interrogative and imperative sentences in the indirect speech. I promise to make this as clear and simple as possible. Let’s get started.
我還將告訴你如何在間接引語中做出疑問句和祈使句，我保證儘可能清晰簡潔地闡述這一點。讓我們開始吧。
1. Direct Speech Definition
1.直接引語的定義
Direct speech includes exactly what the person said, the spoken phrase is placed between quotation marks and there is no need to change the tense or the pronoun in the sentence structure.
直接引語包括某人所說的確切的話，口語短語放在引號之間，不需要改變句子結構中的時態或代詞。
Kim said, “I am hungry”
基姆說：“我餓了。”
The waiter said, “The food will be ready soon.”
服務員說：“菜很快就好了。”
Direct speech, narrates a situation, it recounts exactly what happened and was said at th time.
直接引語，敘述一種情況，它準確地敘述了當時發生的事情和所說過的話。
The sentence structure is very simple as you don’t have to change the tense or any pronoun that may be used, just don’t forget the comma before or after ‘said’ and the quotation marks. Below are examples of direct speech.
這個句子的結構很簡單，因爲你不需要改變任何可能會用到的時態或代詞，只是別忘了'說'之前或之後的逗號和引號。下面是些直接引語的例子。
They said, “We were watching a movie last night”
他們說：“昨天晚上我們正在看電影。”
“I will visit America next year,” she said.
“明年我要去美國。”她說。
2. The Indirect Speech Definition and Formula
2.間接引語的定義和規則
Unfortunately, indirect speech isn’t as simple as direct speech, but once you understand the sentence structure and the indirect speech rules, it is straight forward and a great way to show off your English language skills.
不幸的是，間接引語並不像直接引語那麼簡單，但是一旦你理解了句子結構和間接引語的規則，它的表達就是直白的，並且它也是展示你英語能力的好方法。
So let’s get started, first of all, we don’t use quotation marks with indirect speech, instead we include ‘that’ before retelling what has been said.
那就讓我們開始吧。首先，我們在間接引語中不使用引號，取而代之的是，我們在複述已經說過的話前加入連接詞“that”。
Look at the direct speech example again:
再看一遍直接引語的例子：
Kim said, “I am hungry”
基姆說：“我餓了。”
Now look at the example using indirect speech:
現在看一下使用間接引語的例子：
Kim said that she was hungry.
基姆說她餓了。
Did you notice where ‘that’ is located and how the quotation marks are not required?What else is different?
你有沒有注意到“that”的位置以及這裏不需要加引號？還有什麼不同嗎？
3. The Tense Change in Indirect Speech
3.間接引語的時態變化
Take a look at the examples of direct and indirect speech below:
看看下面直接引語和間接引語的例子：
She said, “I study English every day.”
她說：“我每天都學習英語。”
She said that she studied every day.
她說她每天都學習英語。
Can you see what happens to the tense with the indirect sentence structure? Yes, the present tense is changed to the past tense. This is another adjustment made when using indirect speech; sometimes we have to change the tense.
你能看到間接引語句子結構中時態的變化嗎？是的，這裏一般現在時態變成了一般過去式。這是使用間接引語時的另一種調整，有時我們必須改變時態。
This can cause confusion for many language learners but I will provide you with a helpful tense chart that demonstrates when you need to change the tense and which tense switches with another tense.
這可能會使得許多語言學習者感到困惑，但我會給你一個有用的時態圖表，說明你何時需要改變時態以及用哪一種時態和另一種時態進行轉換。
4. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (Present)
4.直接引語與間接引語（現在時態）
The present simple changes to the past simple.
一般現在時轉換爲一般過去時。
She said, “I play football”
她說：“我踢足球”。
She said that she played football.
她說她踢足球。
The present continuous changes to the past continuous.
現在進行時轉換爲過去進行時。
John said, “he is reading about World War II in school”
約翰說：“他正在學校讀關於第二次世界大戰的書”
John said that he was reading about World War II in school.
約翰說他正在學校讀關於第二次世界大戰的書。
The present perfect changes to the past perfect.
現在完成時轉換爲過去完成時。
I said, “he has started the movie”
我說：“他已經開始看電影了”。
I said that he had started the movie.
我說他已經開始看電影了。
The present perfect continuous changes into the past perfect continuous.
現在完成進行時轉換爲過去完成進行時。
He said, “it has been raining all day”
他說：“一整天都在下雨。”
He said that it had been raining all day.
他說已經下了一整天的雨。
5. Direct Speech Indirect Speech (Past)
5.直接引語與間接引語（過去時態）
The past simple changes to the past perfect.
一般過去時轉換爲過去完成時。
Kate said, “I cooked dinner”
凱特說：“我做晚飯了。”
Kate said that she had cooked dinner.
凱特說她做了晚飯。
The past continuous doesn’t change.
過去進行時不變。
She said, “Jenny was parking the car.”
她說：“詹妮當時正在停車。”
She said that Jenny was parking the car.
她說詹妮當時正在停車。
Past perfect doesn’t change.
過去完成時不變。
They said, “we had eaten in that restaurant before”
他們說：“我們以前在那家餐館吃過飯。”
They said that they had eaten in that restaurant before.
他們說他們以前在那家餐館吃過飯。
