託福閱讀輔導:老託福閱讀真題及答案passage12

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老託福閱讀原文 passage12

Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.

The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.

On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.

老託福閱讀題目 passage12

1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Its defensive behavior

(B) It interactions with other gull species

(C) Its nesting habits

(D) Its physical difference from other gull species

2. The word "rear" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) visit

(B) watch

(C) reverse

(D) raise

3. The word "scale" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) climb

(B) avoid

(C) approach

(D) measure

4. The word "immunity" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) distance

(B) transition

(C) protection

(D) reminder

5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?

(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.

(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.

(C) The kittiwakes' eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.

(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.

6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to

(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators

(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring

(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls

(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks

7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?

(A) Bonaparte's gulls

(B) Atlantic puffins

(C) Kittiwake gulls

(D) Northern gannets

8. The word "it" in line 17 refers to

(A) location

(B) edge

(C) nest

(D) practice

9. The word "conspicuous" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) disordered

(B) suspicious

(C) noticeable

(D) appealing

10. The phrase "On the other hand" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore

(B) however

(C) for example

(D) by no means

老託福閱讀答案 passage12

CDACB AACCB

託福閱讀技巧：邏輯題三大策略

託福閱讀中的推理題是指重要信息隱藏在文章中，不會直接表露出來，需要考生自己從表面內容中推理出。因此，考生們在做託福閱讀推理題的時候不能錯過每一個信息點，因爲這些可能都是最後答案的重要憑證。

推理題的題幹中常出現infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等詞語。根據OG， 在IBT 閱讀的3篇文章中，每篇會有0-2道這類問題，一次考試總共有3-4道推斷題。

一、推理題的兩大分類：有共性的推理題和無共性的推理題。

這 裏所謂的有共性推理題就是說題幹中有和原文內容相同的關鍵詞(也叫線索)。根據關鍵詞回原文定位，然後進行推理。一般來說，大多數的推理題都屬於這類題 目。對於無共性的推理題，也就是題幹中無線索，一般使用排除法，即根據各個選項的關鍵詞回原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。返回原文找信息點，採用排除 法是解決這兩類題型解決的共同策略。

二、推理題的三個具體的解題思路：

1、一般對比推理：

根據兩個事情的對比特徵，問其中一個事物的特徵，只要將與之形成對比的另外一個事情的特徵否定掉就可以。

2、時間對比推理：

在這種推理中，一般有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特徵一般相反。當題幹問一個時間段的特徵時，只要將與之相反的時間段的特徵否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理 ：

一個大的集合的兩個方面形成對比，兩者之間存在着互補性關係，也就是一個的增加意味着另一個的減少。反之，相同。這個比較抽象，我們來看一個例子：

例 如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非農業人口的數量和比例都增加了。由此可知農業人口的數量和比例下降，所以(B)爲正確答案。

三、解答這類題目需要注意的信息點：

1.日期和數字。

2.關鍵詞：

表示多少的副詞: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;

情態動詞：may, can , could…;

表示過去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;

表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

託福閱讀輔導:老託福閱讀真題及答案 passage12