吸菸讓你酷酷的?調查發現吸菸會讓人變醜大綱

Smokers may defy the health warnings by telling themselves their habit makes them look cool. After all, sex symbols James Dean and Humphrey Bogart were rarely seen without a cigarette. However, the latest evidence shows that smoking actually makes you less attractive to the opposite sex. Telltale wrinkles from puffing on a cigarette may be to blame for people judging non-smokers to be better-looking.

吸菸者往往覺得抽菸很酷，從而無視健康警告，畢竟，性感的化身詹姆斯?迪恩和亨弗萊?鮑嘉幾乎每時每刻都離不開煙。然而最新證據表明，吸菸實際上會降低你對異性的吸引力，吸菸所導致的皺紋會讓人們覺得不吸菸者更漂亮。

This was the result of a study asking more than 500 people to pick the most attractive of twins where one smoked and the other did not. Men found female non-smokers the most attractive in two-thirds of cases, while women chose non-smoking men as the most attractive 68 percent of the time.

曾有一項研究要求500多人在一個抽菸一個不抽菸的數對雙胞胎中選擇更有吸引力的那個，三分之二的男性認爲不抽菸的女士更具吸引力，而68%的女性選擇了不抽菸的男士。

Professor Ian Penton-Voak, a co-author of the study from Bristol University, said: ‘People hypothesise that smoking causes damage to the skin and appearance, but this is a really neat way at looking at it because these twins are genetically identical so we can control for genetic factors involved in ageing. Appearance seems to be important to people, especially young people, so we could use these sorts of findings as a basis for future interventions to stop people smoking.’

來自布裏斯托爾大學的教授伊恩?盆頓-沃克是這項研究的合著者，他說：“我們假設吸菸會損害皮膚和外貌，然後採用了這個很巧妙的方法，因爲雙胞胎的基因是相同的，所以與衰老相關的遺傳因素就會被我們控制。外貌對人們，尤其是對年輕人來說似乎很重要，所以我們可以利用這個發現作爲未來干預措施的基礎，以此來阻止人們吸菸。”

Smoking can speed up the normal ageing, even after only a decade. Nicotine causes narrowing of the blood vessels in the outermost layers of the skin, while the chemicals in tobacco smoke damage collagen and elastin, fibres which give the skin its elasticity.

吸菸會加快人們正常衰老的速度，即使只有十年（效果也會很明顯）。尼古丁會導致皮膚最外層的血管收縮，而煙霧中的化學物質會損害那些賦予肌膚彈性的膠原蛋白和彈力蛋白。

The wrinkles this causes are added to by facial expressions made when smoking — such as pursing the lips when inhaling or squinting to keep smoke out of your eyes.

吸菸時的面部表情也會使皺紋增加——比如，吸入時會把嘴脣縮攏或者爲了防止煙霧進眼睛而把眼睛眯起來。

To test if smokers did look worse, the researchers asked more than 500 people to pick the smoker and non-smoker from 23 sets of twins. After finding smokers were easily identified, they created prototype pictures to make sure the twins’ facial expressions or poses could not alter the results. Using these images, tweaked by a computer to standardise how smokers and non-smokers looked, they asked which people found ‘more attractive’.

爲了測試吸菸是否會讓人變醜，研究者們要求500多人對23對包括吸菸者和非吸菸者的雙胞胎進行選擇，在發現吸菸者很容易被辨認出來之後，他們爲雙胞胎們拍攝了標準照片，以確保雙胞胎們的面部表情和姿態不會影響結果。研究者們用電腦對吸菸者和非吸菸者的這些照片進行了標準化微調，然後詢問人們哪個“更具有吸引力”。

The results show men and women both found the opposite sex more attractive when they did not smoke. But women also judged other females who did not smoke as more beautiful in 70 percent of cases, while men thought non-smokers of their own sex were better looking 72 percent of the time.

結果顯示，男性和女性都認爲不吸菸的異性比較有吸引力。而70%的女性們認爲不吸菸的女人更漂亮，72%的男性認爲不吸菸的男人更好看。

The researchers state: ‘Our results provide evidence that smoking may negatively impact facial appearance, and that facial appearance may provide information about smoking status.’

研究人員稱：“研究結果顯示，吸菸會對外貌產生負面影響，而從外貌上可以瞭解你是否吸菸。”

They say the ‘social stigma’ of looking worse from smoking could therefore encourage people to quit, adding: ‘One type of smoking behaviour change intervention targeted at young people is the use of applications illustrating the changes in facial appearance likely if they age as a smoker and a non-smoker.

他們表示，吸菸給外貌帶來的“社會恥辱”可能會促使人們戒菸。他們補充道：“其中一種針對年輕人吸菸行爲的干預措施就是用一些應用程序向他們展示吸菸或者不吸菸的情況下，自己變老以後的樣子。”

‘These work on the basis that young people are particularly sensitive to the potential negative effects smoking has on their attractiveness as they age.’

“這種干預行爲的出發點是，年輕人對吸菸給外貌帶來的潛在負面影響特別敏感——即隨着年齡的增長，吸菸會讓他們變醜。”

A survey of smokers in 2014 found vanity was more important to them than the impact on their health. Asked about their health concerns, most said they were more worried about their looks than whether they might die or be disabled by cancer or heart disease. Their biggest concerns were discoloured teeth, followed by bad breath, wrinkles, fine lines and yellowing nails, according to the poll by an electronic cigarette firm.

2014年一家電子煙公司的調查研究發現，對年輕的吸菸者來說，相比健康，“面子”對他們來說更加重要。該研究顯示，當吸菸者被問及他們對健康的擔憂時，大多數人說他們更擔心的是他們的外表，而不是他們是否會因癌症或心臟病而死亡或殘廢。調查顯示，吸菸者最擔心的是牙齒變色，其次是口臭、皺紋、細紋和發黃的指甲。