雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第99期:雜交水稻
Hybrid Rice
Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, China has made one after another outstanding achievements in agriculture technology, one of which is the successful development of indica hybrid rice. With the application of this technology since 1976, China's total rice cultivation lands have grown such rice, which added rice output by some 240 billion kilograms up till ’s more, this technology was exported to other countries.
新中國成立以來，中國在農業科技上的一項舉世矚目的成就是秈型雜交水稻的育成。這項技術自1976年在全國大面積推廣以後，僅至1994年，就已使中國的稻穀累計增產達2400億公斤。此外，該技術還被出口到美國等國家和地區。The research of indica hybrid began in 1964, when a teacher from Hunan Province, Yuan Longping first put forward the idea of utilizing the heterosis in rice and initiated the research on hybrid rice in China. At the beginning, he discovered male-sterile rice. Then he brought forward the third hybriding paddy and carried out experiments on farmland. Yuan Longping made breakthrough in 1973. He was the first person to develop indica hybrid rice. The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974 and 1975, and then extended to other areas. China became the first country that is capable of producing hybrid rice. Yuan Long-ping is the first scientist who successfully altered the self-pollinating characteristic of rice and realized large-scale farming of hybrid rice. This earned him the title "Farther of Hybrid Rice". The achievements of Yuan Longping greatly solved the food shortage, and provided as a solution the worldwide starvation. It is regarded as the fifth invention after China's Four Major Inventions, and is acclaimed as the Second Green Revolution.
雜交水稻的研究始於1964年。當時任職於湖南省安江農校的袁隆平最先發現了水稻天然雄性不育株，便帶領助手們開展了有關研究。他首先發現了雄性不育株，以後又率先提出了通過培育水稻三系進行雜交的設想，並進行了田間實驗。1973年終於獲得突破性進展，在世界上第一個育成強優勢燦型雜交水稻，1974至1975年在中國南方多處試種效果良好，1976年後開始大面積推廣。從此，中國成爲世界上第一個實現利用水稻雜交優勢的國家。袁隆平也被譽爲“雜交水稻之父”。他的成果不僅在很大程度上解決了中國人的吃飯問題，而且也被認爲是解決世界性飢餓問題的法寶。國際上甚至把雜交稻當作中國繼四大發明之後的第五大發明，譽爲“第二次綠色革命”。
