雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第90期:中國第一臺計算機的誕生
The Birth of the First Computer
In the mid-50th century, though the Chinese computing technology was only one or two years later than Japan, after all, but it has been a decade later from the emergence of world's first computer. The unanimous opinion is to learn and master the Soviet Union's technology first, on this basis, according to China's specific conditions, to carry out their own research, that is, "innovation ofter imitation, imitation for innovation. "
上個世紀50年代中期，中國的計算技術雖然只比日本晚一兩年，但畢竟距世界上第一臺電子計算機的出現已經晚了十年。大家一致的意見是：先學習掌握蘇聯已有的技術，在此基礎上，再根據我國的具體條件，開展自己的研究工作，即“先仿製後創新，仿製爲了創新”。In September 1956, China sent a delegation of computing technology to the Soviet Union. Min Naida is the head, deputy head Wang Zheng, fifteen members including Wu Jikang, Fan Xinbi, Xia Peisu, and so on. The former Soviet Union reception unit is the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Preasion Machinery and Computing Technology Institute . In two months, computing technology research, production and education of Moscow, Leningrad were studied respectively, with an emphasis on the M-20 computer.
1956年9月，我國派出赴蘇計算機技術考察團。團長閔乃大，副團長王正，團員有吳幾康、範新弼、夏培肅等15人。前蘇聯方面的接待單位是蘇聯科學院精密機械與計算技術研究所。在兩個多月的時間裏，考察團分別對莫斯科、列寧格勒兩地的計算技術的科研、生產與教育進行了考察，並重點對M-20計算機進行了學習。
In April 1957, by the government, China ordered a M-3 computer and B3CM computer drawings information. On the basis of study and drawings information, the development work started. Led by Zhang Zichang and Mo Gensheng, M-3 ( code 103) Computer Engineering Group was organized. Through the efforts of all staff, in close collaboration with Beijing cable plant, China's first digital computer successfully developed on August l,1958. This tube computer with computing speed of 30 times per second filled in our modern electronic computer blank.
1957年4月，我國政府訂購了M-3計算機和E3CM計算機圖紙資料。在考察和取得圖紙資料的基礎上，研製工作開始了。以張梓昌、莫根生爲首，組織了M-3（代號103）計算機工程組。通過全體研製人員的努力和北京有線電廠的密切配合，於1958年8月1日研製成功了我國第一臺數字電子計算機。這臺運算速度爲每秒30次的電子管計算機，填補了我國現代電子計算機的空白。
