中國央行爲網絡支付業務管理辦法辯護

China's central bank has move to defend draft rules that would force online payment processors to channel large payments through traditional bank accounts, a requirement that industry observers say will stifle innovation while protecting the interests of incumbent banks.

中國央行已採取行動爲其最新規定草案辯護，這些規定將迫使在線支付機構通過傳統銀行賬戶處理大額支付。行業觀察人士稱，這一要求將遏制創新並保護既有銀行的利益。

The People's Bank of China in mid-July laid out a broad regulatory framework for internet finance, which includes payments, wealth management, peer-to-peer lending, and crowdfunding, among other services.

7月中旬，中國央行爲互聯網金融制定了一個範圍廣泛的監管框架，涵蓋支付、理財、個人對個人(P2P)貸款、衆籌以及其他服務。

Those guidelines sought to strike a balance between promoting innovation by upstarts seeking to compete with large, state-owned banks, while also imposing order on the chaotic world of internet finance, where hucksterism has thrived amid a lack of regulation.

該管理辦法試圖在促進新興企業創新與規範混亂的互聯網金融業之間達成平衡。這些新興企業希望與大型國有銀行展開競爭；而在互聯網金融領域，由於缺乏監管，強制推銷的現象很猖獗。

The PBoC followed up late on Friday with specific rules governing online payments, a sector dominated by Alipay, an affiliate of ecommerce giant Alibaba, and Caifutong, the payment arm of social media and gaming group Tencent.

上週五晚，中國央行發佈了管理在線支付的具體規定。中國在線支付行業由電子商務巨頭阿里巴巴(Alibaba)旗下的支付寶(Alipay)以及社交媒體和遊戲集團騰訊(Tencent)的支付平臺財付通主宰。

Online payments are expected to hit Rmb11.8tn ($1.9tn) this year, up from Rmb8.1tn in 2014, according to iResearch.

根據iResearch的數據，今年中國的在線支付規模預計將達到11.8萬億元人民幣（合1.9萬億美元），高於2014年的8.1萬億元人民幣。

The rules set a cap on payments by third-party processors of Rmb5000 per client per day and Rmb200,000 per year. Larger payments must be routed through the payer's account at a commercial bank.

管理辦法對第三方支付機構處理的支付規模做出了限制，一名客戶每日最高限額爲5000元人民幣，每年限額爲20萬元人民幣。超出的部分必須通過客戶在商業銀行的賬戶支付。

Online groups reacted with dismay.

在線支付機構對此感到失望。

"It's not even enough to buy one iPhone. If I want to donate Rmb210,000 to the Winter Olympics, I guess I'd have to spread it over two years," Yi Huanhuan, secretary-general of IFC1000, an online finance trade group, wrote in a commentary, referencing Beijing's successful bid to host the 2022 winter games.

在線金融交易組織——互聯網金融千人會(IFC1000)的祕書長易歡歡在一篇評論中寫道：“這還不夠買一部蘋果手機。如果我想給冬奧會捐21萬元人民幣的話，我猜得花兩年來捐。”這段話提到了中國成功贏得2022年冬奧會的主辦權。

"Basically this blocks off the industry's space for development."

“本質上講，這堵死了互聯網金融業的發展空間。”

In an unusual move, the central bank issued a follow-up statement at the weekend responding to criticisms of the payment cap.

中國央行在管理辦法公佈後回答了記者提問，對外界對於支付限額的批評做出了迴應。

The PBoC cited data showing that 71 per cent of online payment platform users made payments of less than Rmb1000 for all of 2014, to support its claim that the cap won't influence most users.

中國央行稱，這些限額不會影響大多數用戶。爲了支持這一說法，中國央行援引數據稱，2014年，72.31%的個人客戶支付賬戶餘額僅用於購物消費全年累計付款金額不超過1000元人民幣。

The central bank also clarified that online payment companies can process payments of more than Rmb5000 but that the excess portion must be debited directly from a bank account linked to the user's payment platform account, rather than from cash already stored on the platform.

中國央行還明確指出，在線支付機構可以處理超過5000元人民幣的支付交易，但超出的部分必須通過與用戶支付平臺賬戶關聯的銀行賬戶直接支付，而不是通過用戶在支付平臺存放的現金支付。

"Transfer limits are proposed based on a holistic consideration of payment efficiency and convenience, as well as factors such as anti-money laundering and client fund security," the central bank said.

中國央行表示：“限額管理是綜合考慮支付效率與便捷、以及反洗錢和客戶資金安全等因素而提出的。”

The new rules also forbid payment companies from opening accounts on behalf of financial institutions, as well as financial intermediaries involved in peer-to-peer lending, crowdfunding, wealth management, or foreign exchange. Instead these companies' funds must be held at commercial banks.

新的規定還禁止支付機構爲金融機構，以及從事信貸、融資、理財、擔保、貨幣兌換等金融業務的其他機構開立支付賬戶。這些機構的資金必須存放在商業銀行。

The rules require payment companies to verify a client's identity in person before opening fully functional accounts. The issue of in-person account opening has also emerged as an obstacle for MYBank and WeBank, two online-only banks recently launched by Alibaba and Tencent, respectively.

規定要求，支付機構在爲客戶開立支付賬戶前須親自核實客戶身份。現場驗證開設賬戶的問題也是最近阿里巴巴和騰訊分別推出的在線銀行網商銀行(MYbank)和微衆銀行(WeBank)面臨的障礙。

The draft rules are open for public comment until August 28.

這份管理辦法草案將公開徵求公衆意見，徵求意見的截止日期是8月28日。