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[科技前沿]韓國懷疑朝鮮“對首爾發動猛烈的網絡攻擊”

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韓國懷疑朝鮮“對首爾發動猛烈的網絡攻擊”

來源:Times Online 編輯:Vicki

美國獨立日當天,韓國和美國的政府機關,銀行和企業網絡均受到攻擊癱瘓,朝鮮成爲最大嫌疑犯。從7月4號開始,美國隊財政部和特勤處,韓國的總統府,議會,國防部及外交部均受到一系列網絡攻擊,如果這次事件真是平壤所爲,那麼事件就相當敏感了,從年初開出,朝鮮一直對美國和韓國進行一系列的挑釁動作,包括試射導彈。

North Korea 'launches massive cyber attack on Seoul'

[科技前沿]韓國懷疑朝鮮“對首爾發動猛烈的網絡攻擊”

North Korea is the main suspect behind a campaign of cyber attacks that have paralysed (麻痹,癱瘓)the websites of US and South Korean government agencies, banks and businesses since American Independence Day.

News of the campaign — which would be the first such large-scale attack attempted by the dictatorship (獨裁)— emerged yesterday as an ill and emaciated (衰弱的)Kim Jong Il made a rare public appearance.

US government agencies, ranging from the Treasury Department (財政部)to the Secret Service(特勤處), and South Korea’s presidential office, parliament and defence and foreign ministries were among those hit by the attacks, which began on July 4.

The South Korean intelligence agency told members of parliament that it believed Pyongyang or its agents abroad were behind the attacks.

“This is not a simple attack by individuals,” Seoul’s National Intelligence Service (NIS) (國家情報院)said in a statement. “The attack appeared to have been elaborately(苦心經營地) prepared and staged by a certain organisation or state.”

The Yonhap news agency(聯合新聞社) quoted an unnamed member of parliament who said that the NIS had suggested that the attacks were the work of North Korea or “a pro-North Korean force”.

Experts said that there was no indication of data theft, but because the websites were still affected four days after the attacks began, an unusually sophisticated denial of service attack had probably been used. Thousands of computers were infected by a virus that flooded websites with traffic, then overloaded their servers and forced them to shut down.

South Korean and US authorities were working to identify the creators of the virus, the NIS said. US officials would not speak publicly about the attack but an emergency notice has been sent to federal departments advising them of precautions(預防措施).

One theory is that they were tests of American and South Korean cyber defences. Security experts warned last year, amid an attack linked to China, that America remained more vulnerable to cyber-terrorism than any conventional form of attack.

President Obama announced the establishment of an inter-agency cyber-security office(機構間網絡安全辦公室) in May and the Pentagon(五角大樓) added a military Cyber Command (軍事網絡指揮中心)to supplement the civilian effort last month.

South Korea had warned of the danger of cyber-espionage (網絡間諜)by Chinese and North Korean hackers. The country’s Defence Security Command said last month that it was logging attempts to penetrate military networks at an average rate of 95,000 a day.

If the attacks this week are the work of North Korea the timing is significant. Pyongyang has staged a series of verbal and physical provocations this year, including an underground nuclear test and the launch of an intercontinental rocket(洲際火箭).

The aggressive attitude suggests that it has abandoned expectations of negotiation with the international community in favour of whipping up (激勵,鼓勵)nationalist fervour (熱情)at home.



Keke View:在2009年7月2日和4日的短短兩天內,朝鮮連續發射了11枚射程在300-500公里以內的短程導彈(short-range missiles)。其中,7月4日美國獨立日當天,從北京時間7時到16時40分發射了7枚。這些導彈據初步推測爲“飛毛腿”短程導彈(scud missiles),射程均可cover all around South Korea。朝鮮如此強硬的行爲引發了世界的continual suspect,爲本就因核試驗和洲際導彈試射而緊張的東北亞局勢更添叵測。Now please probe into the story behind the North Korea nuclear issue with Keke。

朝鮮問題的由來(The origin of the issue):

事實上,早在20世紀90年代初,朝鮮核問題就已經started。當時,美國根據衛星資料懷疑朝鮮開發核武器,揚言要對朝鮮的核設施實行check。朝鮮則稱自己無意也無力開發核武器,同時指責美國在韓國部署核武器威脅它的安全。這樣,第一次朝鮮半島核危機由此爆發。

1985年12月,朝鮮加入《不擴散核武器條約》。按照該條約規定,成員國必須接受國際原子能機構對其核設施的檢查,但朝鮮卻一直拒絕接受其檢查。

90年代初,朝核問題升級。美國政府認爲朝鮮在寧邊的核反應堆已經能生產可製造兩至三枚原子彈的鈈。1992年5月至1993年2月,朝鮮接受了國際原子能機構6次不定期核檢查。

2009年5月25日,朝鮮中央通訊社發表新聞公報說,朝鮮當天“成功地進行了一次地下核試驗”。6月12日,聯合國安理會一致通過第1874號決議,對朝鮮5月25日進行核試驗表示“最嚴厲的譴責”,並要求朝鮮今後不再進行核試驗或使用彈道導彈技術進行任何發射。6月20,朝鮮媒體警告韓國“履行安理會決議就意味着戰爭”。

朝鮮的實用主義外交政策(North Korea's pragmatic foreign policy)

歷史上朝鮮是與China關係最緊密的藩屬國,作爲一個little country,在處理與中國與周邊其他民族關係時,它長期採取了誰都不肯得罪的圓滑態度,對於一個不能主宰自己命運的弱小民族來說,這也是無奈的選擇。現在,我們都看到了,韓國緊緊抱着美國的大腿,在其庇護下與北朝鮮對峙着,同時也成了美國的附庸。

國際兩大陣營間的冷戰結束並沒有結束朝鮮的戰鬥思維,美國依然是其爲自己樹立的頭號敵人。聯合國制裁朝鮮決議公佈後,朝鮮稱美國在韓、日佈滿了要消滅他的核武器,金正日要求他的人民軍“緊握槍桿保衛社會主義”,並向美國發出核威脅,強硬抵抗聯合國制裁。

朝鮮爲何頻頻試射“搗蛋”(Why did North Korea do these)?

近年來,朝鮮不斷向國際舞臺擺出強硬的架勢,給世人一種朝美核談論框架沒有一些改動之前,朝核危機只會持續下去,愈演愈烈。如果美韓能有所讓步,談判問題將有突破進展。

回顧朝鮮的第1次,第2次核危機,我們清楚地記得均是由“核嫌疑”所引起,而此次的積極行動無疑在引起世人眼球的同時,導致了第3次核危機。朝鮮何以以身試刀,向世界頻示自己的"nuclear weapon country"的身份呢?In fact,不外乎以下幾點。

First, 突破目前的僵持situation。早在Little Bush時代,美朝因在覈驗證與採樣等低水平問題上的糾結而僵持不下,在解決這些問題後才形成了2005年9月19日於Beijing簽署的《第四輪六方會談共同聲明》,美朝之間的高水平對話得以恢復。奧巴馬政府上臺後,一直對朝核問題表現出“惡意的ignorance”,並未對朝鮮的一系列行動予以直接回應。

Second, 提升military strength與談判籌碼。Even if美國仍然堅持不予理睬的策略,North Korea亦可藉此提升、檢驗導彈威力,提高軍事安全水平。Meanwhile,朝鮮的核武器、遠程導彈、短程導彈都已經輪番上場,朝鮮軍事力量得到檢驗成爲既定fact。On the other hand,朝鮮此舉無疑是向美國發出它已經做好談判準備的信號。在這種情況下,無核化與不擴散將成爲朝美交易的前提與素材,而沒有真正的核技術與導彈技術更談不上無核化與不擴散。Then 如果美朝能夠走上談判桌,放棄這些武器的代價自然會水漲船高。

Third,political 造勢,prepare for 新領導集體亮相。Recently 越來越多的國際人士認爲朝鮮將會出現一批新的領導人。從朝鮮歷網政治運作來看,新一代領導人往往需要積累相當非凡的業績。用核武器試驗和密集的導彈試射來推出新的領導人無疑是一個不錯的timing,向全世界傳遞這樣一種信號:正是在新一代領導人的指揮下,朝鮮才取得了如此驕人的軍事與政治achivements。

Fourth, make preparations for a 經濟reform。朝鮮制訂了實現“思想強國(Thinking Power)”、“軍事強國(Military Power)”和“經濟強國(Economic Power)”的“強盛大國(Super-power)”戰略目標。目前,“思想強國”和“軍事強國”的目標已經接近完成,而實現“強盛大國”目標的 deadline 爲2012年。而在與美國處於敵對狀態,遭受美國封鎖與圍堵的情況下,朝鮮實現“經濟強國”目標的道路十分漫長。因此,實現“經濟強國”目標的基礎前提,正是與美國實現直接對話,解除對朝封鎖。同樣,朝鮮也只能在有着合理安全保障的情況下,纔可能吸引外來投資,與美國的和解必不可少。朝鮮試射導彈等一系列行動表明,朝鮮在建設“強盛大國”問題上有着急切的戰略緊迫感,試圖在短時間內打破與美國的戰略僵局,完成“戰略突圍”,轉向經濟建設。

Anyway,朝鮮雖然拿出積極作戰的姿態,其實並沒有作戰的intention,也經受不起一場戰爭的洗禮,that's why 朝鮮can't倖免於被認爲此次韓美網絡受攻擊的幕後策劃者。

Now,大家對朝鮮問題有個粗略的瞭解了吧?