《飢餓遊戲》反抗的嘲笑鳥要付出的代價
The pressure is on. The endgame is near. There will be blood, brutality, death and scary lizard mutants smashing through a sewer. The final film installment of Suzanne Collins’s best-selling trilogy, “The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 2,” will reach American screens on Friday, Nov. 20, and millions of fans worldwide will scrutinize the movie for its fidelity to the books; the portrayal (by Jennifer Lawrence) of its intrepid, taciturn heroine Katniss Everdeen; and its evocation of the civil war that rends Panem, the totalitarian state built from the ashes of North America at some unspecified time in the future.
壓力很大，終局來了。會有鮮血、暴行與死亡，可怕的蜥蜴變種生物涌進下水道。11月20日星期五，根據蘇珊·柯林斯(Suzanne Collins)的暢銷三部曲改編的《飢餓遊戲》電影系列的最後一部《飢餓遊戲3：嘲笑鳥（下）》(The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 2)在美國影院上映。全世界千百萬書迷們將會緊盯着電影，看它是否忠實原著；詹尼弗·勞倫斯(Jennifer Lawrence)仍在片中飾演勇敢而沉默的女主角凱特尼斯·伊夫狄恩(Katniss Everdeen)，她的表現如何？施惠國”是未來某個不確定的時間裏建立在如今北美國家餘燼之上的集權國家，在這一部影片中被捲入內戰，它的命運又將怎樣？
The pressure has always been on for the makers of “The Hunger Games” films. More than nine million copies of the trilogy were in print in the United States by the time the first movie was being planned, and a huge fan base, with very specific ideas about Katniss and her world, already existed. Despite the blockbuster nature of the books, Ms. Collins’s dystopian vision of an annual gladiatorial game of wits and weapons in which 24 teenagers — a boy and a girl from each Panem’s 12 districts — must kill one another while the entire population of Panem watches on television, wasn’t an easy one to bring to the screen.
《飢餓遊戲》電影的製作人們總要承擔壓力。當系列的第一部電影籌拍之時，原著三部曲小說在美國已經印行了900萬冊，它擁有廣大的粉絲基礎，人們對凱特尼斯和她的世界已經有了非常清晰的概念。柯林斯女士的這部反烏托邦小說講了這樣一個故事，施惠國有12個地區，每一年，每個地區都要選送一名少年與一名少女參加競技遊戲，憑着智慧與武器生存，彼此殘殺，施惠國的全體居民則會通過電視觀看，儘管小說有着暢銷基礎，但要把它搬上銀幕卻並不容易。
“Many studios just passed,” said Nina Jacobson, who, along with Jon Kilik, has produced the film series from the start. She and the director Francis Lawrence, who was responsible for “Mockingjay Part 2” as well as the two preceding films, were sitting in a London hotel the day after the movie’s red-carpet premiere here, recalling the often difficult path they traveled to bring the series to fruition.
“很多製片公司都放棄了，”妮娜·雅克布遜(Nina Jacobson)說，她和瓊恩·吉里科(Jon Kilik)從第一部起就擔任這個系列的製片人。該片在倫敦舉行紅毯首映禮的第二天，她與《嘲笑鳥下》和前兩部影片的導演弗朗西斯·勞倫斯(Francis Lawrence)一起在倫敦的一家酒店中，回憶了這部系列走過的艱難路途。
“Kids killing kids, a young protagonist, female, and what’s with the weird name?” Ms. Jacobson said. “I had people saying: ‘Couldn’t you age up the characters? Can we make the love triangle more important?’”
“孩子之間彼此殘殺，一個年輕的領袖，女性，還有這個奇怪的名字是怎麼回事？”雅克布遜說。“有人問我：‘你不能讓角色年紀大一點嗎？我們能不能讓三角戀愛關係分量再重一點？’”
Ms. Jacobson, an independent producer, said that she became “fixated” on the series after an employee persuaded her to read the first novel and that she convinced Ms. Collins that she would find a studio that would be faithful to the stories’ values.
雅克布遜是一位獨立製片人，她說，一個員工推薦她讀讀小說的第一部，她就“迷上了”這個系列，她向科林斯女士保證，她一定會尋找一家忠實原著價值觀的製片公司。
“The book is about the consequences and the commercialization of violence, so it can’t be guilty of commercializing violence itself,” she said of the film franchise. “That was the first conversation we had.” (Ms. Collins wouldn’t comment for this article.)
“這本書說的是暴力的後果，以及暴力的商業化，被商業化了的暴力就不會令人產生負罪感，”她說起這部電影的改編，“這就是我和柯林斯做的第一次對話。”（柯林斯女士拒絕接受本文作者採訪）。
She and Ms. Collins eventually chose Lionsgate from three potential studios, even though it had never made a film on the projected scale of “The Hunger Games.”
柯林斯和她最後從三家公司中選擇了獅門公司(Lionsgate)，儘管它此前從未拍過《飢餓遊戲》這樣規模的大片。
“Having been a corporate soldier for most of my career, I was very aware of how scared big companies can get down the line,” Ms. Jacobson said. “At Lionsgate, everyone was in the room from the beginning and knew exactly what they were in for.”
“在事業生涯的大部分時間裏，我都是團結協作的戰士，我非常清楚擔驚受怕的大公司有時候是多麼拖沓，”雅克布遜說，“但在獅門，從一開始，所有的負責人都在，而且知道自己的職責是什麼。”
One of those things was Ms. Collins’s uncompromising vision of a heroine who is not friendly, funny, kooky or defined by a man. “A brilliant, possibly historic creation — stripped of sentimentality and psychosexual ornamentation, armed with Diana’s bow and a ferocious will — Katniss is a new female warrior,” Manohla Dargis wrote in The New York Times review of the first film.
柯林斯筆下毫不妥協的女英雄不怎麼友好，也並不有趣或古怪，並且完全不受男人掌控，這是小說中非常重要的東西。“這是精彩的，或許是歷史性的開創，她身上剝除了多愁善感和精神性愛的裝飾，用狩獵女神的弓箭武裝起來，有着兇狠的意志——凱特尼斯是全新的女戰士，”曼諾拉·達吉斯(Manohla Dargis)在《紐約時報》發表的，對第一部影片的影評中說道。
Still, Ms. Jacobson insisted that there had never been any demands to direct the role differently. Mr. Lawrence agreed. “The conventional arc for this kind of movie would have been that she was petrified to go into the Games, and learns courage and triumphs,” he said. “Instead she volunteers, is courageous from the beginning and is changed in other ways — and not always for the better. In the last movie, it is her fault that some of the loss of life happens.”
但是雅克布遜堅持說，並不需要對這個角色進行特別處理。導演勞倫斯同意她的看法。“對於這種電影來說，傳統的發展是讓她先是害怕參加這個遊戲，然後學會了勇氣，最終凱旋歸來，”他說。“但她是自願參加的，她從一開始就很勇敢，後來她在別的方面產生了很多變化——不一定都是好的。在最後一部影片中，因爲她的錯，有些人送了命。”
He added that he liked that the love triangle involving Katniss, Peeta (Josh Hutcherson) — her fellow tribute from District 12 — and her childhood friend Gale (Liam Hemsworth) was not at the forefront of the movies or the books. “It’s not about romance, it’s just about survival,” he said.
他補充說，片中凱特尼斯、她在12區的祭品同伴皮塔（Peeta，喬什·哈切森[Josh Hutcherson]）飾演），以及她的童年朋友蓋爾（Gale，利亞姆·海姆思沃斯[Liam Hemsworth]飾演）之間的三角關係，並不是電影或書的中心，這一點他非常喜歡。“它的主題不是浪漫愛情，而是生存，”他說。
Ms. Lawrence has won plaudits for her Katniss, but her casting initially drew an outcry from some fans of the novels — too old, too blonde, too curvaceous. Yet Ms. Jacobson; Mr. Kilik; and the first film’s director, Gary Ross, held their ground.
詹妮弗·勞倫斯因凱特尼斯這個角色獲得了喝彩，但一開始決定由她來飾演這個角色時，卻令不少原著的書迷抱怨——她年紀太大，是金髮，身材太豐滿。然而雅克布遜、吉里科和第一部電影的導演加里·羅斯(Gary Ross)都力挺她。
“Jen had and has a very youthful face and quality, and quite honestly from the time we saw her audition, there was no one else that we even considered.” Plus, she added, there was always hair dye.
“從過去到現在，詹妮弗都有一張非常青春的臉，也有非常年輕的氣質，試鏡時她就非常誠實，除了她我們沒考慮過別人。”此外，雅克布遜還說，她一直都要染頭髮。
After the wild box-office success of the first movie, which took in $686.5 million globally, the producers found themselves without a director. Mr. Ross, who had written the screenplay of “The Hunger Games” with Ms. Collins and Billy Ray, issued a statement at the time saying he didn’t have enough time to write as well as direct the second installment.
影片第一部取得了巨大的票房成功，在全球賺到了6.865億美元，之後製片人們發現，他們缺了一個導演。羅斯和柯林斯女士以及比利·雷(Billy Ray)一起創作了《飢餓遊戲》第一部電影的劇本，當時他發表聲明，說自己沒有時間爲爲第二部影片擔任編劇和導演。
Mr. Lawrence, who had already established his post-apocalyptic directing credentials in the Will Smith vehicle “I Am Legend,” said that he was at first hesitant when Ms. Jacobson approached him. “I had never done a sequel to anyone else’s movie,” he said. “If too many parameters have been set, there is not enough to do.” After going back to the books, he said, he found enough of a change of environment to make the second film, “Catching Fire,” interesting.
弗朗西斯·勞倫斯當時已經執導過威爾·史密斯(Will Smith)坐鎮的後末日鉅作《我是傳奇》(I Am Legend)，他說，當雅克布遜女士同他接觸時，他一開始非常猶豫。“我從來沒接手過另一個人的系列片，”他說。“如果有太多限制因素已經設定好了，那就沒什麼發揮餘地了。”但是，他說，讀過原著之後，他發現環境有了足夠的改變，可以令第二部影片《飢餓遊戲2：星火燎原》(Catching Fire)有趣起來。
The decision to split the final novel, “Mockingjay,” into two parts was made before he came aboard, but Mr. Lawrence said he would not have been able to make an adequate version of the book in a single film. “We got a lot of flack; some people thought it was cynical and money-making,” he said. “But I honestly don’t think the changes that happen to people in that book are doable in a two-and-a-half-hour movie.”
他上任之前，製片人們就已經決定將小說第三部《嘲笑鳥》分爲上下兩部電影拍攝，但是勞倫斯先生也說，在單獨一部影片裏，沒辦法展現出一本書的全貌。“我們遭到很多抨擊，有人覺得這很諷刺，都是爲了賺錢，”他說。“但是第三部書中的人物發生了很多變化，我真的不覺得能在一部兩個半小時的電影裏說完。”
Fans may not have agreed; “Mockingjay Part 1” earned Lionsgate around $100 million less than “Catching Fire.” But Ms. Jacobson defended the film, saying that it was the darkest of the movies, with difficult themes of war and revolution as well as traumatic emotional events. “We hope that people seeing Part 2 will understand the need for Part 1 better,” she said.
影迷們可能不會同意；《嘲笑鳥上》比《星火燎原》少了一億美元的票房收入。但雅克布遜女士堅持捍衛這部影片，說它是系列之中最黑暗的一部，要處理戰爭、革命、創傷的情感時刻等複雜的主題。“我們希望看過《嘲笑鳥下》的人都能更好地理解《嘲笑鳥上》的必要性，”她說。
(The cast and crew members suffered their own trauma when Philip Seymour Hoffman, who played the chief gamemaker Plutarch Heavensbee in the final three movies, died suddenly a few weeks before the end of shooting “Mockingjay Part 2,” in which he appears, though the filmmakers were forced to rewrite some of his scenes for other characters.)
（拍攝過程中，劇組成員也經歷了創傷的時刻，在後三部影片中飾演遊戲總監普魯塔克·黑文斯比[Plutarch Heavensbee]的菲利浦·賽默·霍夫曼[Philip Seymour Hoffman]於《嘲笑鳥下》拍攝結束前幾個星期突然身亡，製片人們只得重寫片中一些和他有關的場景，把他的戲份改給別人。）
Mr. Lawrence and Ms. Jacobson said that while such themes are always relevant, they carry particular weight today. “The fear and the consequences of defying the status quo are not glossed over,” Ms. Jacobson said. “You can change the world if you stand up to authority, but at a great cost.”
勞倫斯先生和雅克布斯女士說，雖然這些主題一直都很重要，但在當今的世界，它們顯得更加意味深長。“反抗現狀的恐懼與其後果並未被掩飾，”雅克布遜女士說，“如果你挺身而出，反抗權威，就能改變世界，但這要付出巨大的代價。”
