中國首次將教育經費與兒童居住地掛鉤
China is to tie education spending to children’s place of residence for the first time, in a bid to end a system detrimental to migrants that threatens to leave the country with an ill-educated urban underclass.
中國將首次把教育經費跟兒童的居住地相掛鉤，這是爲了終結不利於流動人口的現有制度。現有制度可能導致中國城市出現一個教育不足的社會底層階級。
The reform, announced this month, comes after the official migrant population fell for the first time since the early 1980s, when the switch to a market economy drew peasants from the poor countryside to seek jobs in the cities.
中國政府本月宣佈這項改革措施之前，官方數據顯示，自1980年代初以來流動人口數量第一次下降。當時，中國正向市場經濟過渡，吸引了貧窮農村的農民前往城市尋找工作。
Allocation of central government education grants to where children reside, rather than where they are registered, will help cities meet growing social costs — although critics say the reform is not enough to bridge the spending gap in the biggest and most attractive cities, where millions of migrant children struggle to acheive a basic education.
依據兒童的居住地（而非戶籍所在地）分配中央政府教育補助金，將幫助城市承擔日益升高的社會成本，不過批評人士表示，這項改革不足以彌補最大、最具吸引力城市的開支缺口。在這類城市裏，有數百萬流動人口的子女無法得到基礎教育。
The reform also mandates local budgets assume responsibility for registered migrants, potentially providing a further incentive for cities to limit migration.
這些改革也要求地方預算對已登記流動人口承擔責任，可能導致各個城市產生限制流動人口進入的更大動力。
“The real question is whether the big cities are willing to open up,” said Tang Jun, a researcher at the Social Policy Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, noting that spending per child is higher in bigger, more attractive cities.
“真正的問題在於，大城市是否願意開放，”中國社會科學院社會政策研究中心研究員唐鈞表示。他指出，兒童人均教育支出越大，城市的吸引力也越大。
China’s richest cities are already trying to keep migrants out. Beijing slashed the number of new migrants into the city by half last year and reduced the migrant population in the city centre by forcing children out of primary school and tearing down markets and small shops. In Shanghai the migrant population shrank last year for the first time.
中國最富裕城市已開始限制流動人口流入。去年，北京把新增流動人口數量減少了一半，通過以戶籍門檻限制兒童上小學和關閉市場與小商店的方法，減少了城市中心區的流動人口。在上海，去年流動人口數量首次開始減少。
“Big cities have raised the threshold for migrants and they are cleaning them out,” said Hu Xingdou, who researches migrant issues at the Beijing Institute of Technology. “The purpose is to reduce the number of migrants.”
“大城市已提高了流動人口的進入門檻，正在把他們清理出去，”北京科技大學(Beijing Institute of Technology)研究流動人口問題的胡星斗說。“目的是減少流動人口數量。”
