亞投行宣佈首批貸款項目 強調國際性

BEIJING — A new Chinese-led international development bank announced its first four loans on Saturday, pledging to lend $509 million for projects to spread electric power in rural Bangladesh, upgrade living conditions in slums in Indonesia, and improve roads in Pakistan and Tajikistan.

北京——週六，中國牽頭的一個國際開發銀行宣佈了它的首批四個貸款項目，承諾將提供5.09億美元貸款，用於在孟加拉國鄉村地區普及電力供應，提高印度尼西亞貧民窟的生活條件，以及改善巴基斯坦和塔克吉斯坦的道路狀況。

At the first of the annual general meetings of the institution, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the bank’s president, Jin Liqun, said the projects were financially sound and environmentally friendly and had been accepted by the people in the project areas.

在亞洲基礎設施投資銀行（簡稱亞投行）首屆理事會年會上，行長金立羣表示，這些項目資金充足，環境友好，已經被項目所在地的民衆接受。

The projects of the 57-member bank, founded last year as an effort by China to both challenge lending institutions and cooperate with them, are relatively modest.

相對而言，亞投行的這些項目不算太大。這家銀行有57個成員，去年由中國努力促成，既是爲了挑戰現有的借貸機構，也是爲了與它們展開合作。

The road in Tajikistan is just three miles long, but it will help clear traffic congestion on an important trading route near the capital, Dushanbe. A $100 million loan to Pakistan is for 40 miles of highway in Punjab Province that would complete the last section of a national artery, the M-4, the bank said.

在塔吉克斯坦修建的這條公路只有三英里長，但它將有助於改善首都杜尚別附近一條重要貿易線路的交通擁堵情況。亞投行表示，給巴基斯坦提供的1億美元貸款將被用於在旁遮普省修建40英里的公路，工程屬於該國一條國家主幹線M-4建設的最後一部分。

Three of the projects are being financed with other institutions — the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development — an approach that allowed the new bank to begin the projects quickly. The bank’s $165 million loan to expand electricity in rural areas of Bangladesh is its only stand-alone project.

這些項目中有三項同時獲得了其他機構——亞洲開發銀行(Asian Development Bank)、世界銀行(World Bank)和歐洲復興開發銀行(European Bank for Reconstruction and Development)——的資金。這一策略使這家新銀行得以很快啓動項目。用於擴展孟加拉國農村地區電力覆蓋的1.65億美元貸款，是亞投行唯一一個獨立出資的項目。

By financing projects with long-established institutions, the Beijing-based bank was able to move quickly because work on meeting environmental standards and procurement policies had been completed, staff members at the bank said.

亞投行工作人員表示，通過與成熟機構一起爲這些項目提供貸款，這家總部位於北京的銀行得以快速行動起來，因爲滿足環境標準和採購政策需求的工作已經完成。

Although the new bank was China’s idea, it is intended to operate as an international bank dedicated to improving the basic structures and facilities needed to stimulate development across Asia, Mr. Jin said at a news conference on Saturday. Unlike the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank places less emphasis on the reduction of poverty, he said.

週六的時候，金立羣在新聞發佈會上表示，儘管成立亞投行的想法由中國提出，但它的目的是運營一家國際銀行，致力於改善促進亞洲各地經濟發展所需的基礎建築與設施。他還稱，與世界銀行和亞洲開發銀行不同的是，亞投行的側重點相對不那麼放在減少貧困上。

The bank “was born with the birthmark of China, but its upbringing is international,” Mr. Jin said. Referring to the three other institutions that will finance the projects, he said, “We can work wonderfully together.”

亞投行的“誕生帶有中國標記，但它的成長方式是國際性的，”金立羣說。在談到爲這些項目提供資金的其他三家機構時，他表示，“我們可以很好地展開合作。”

The new bank is being watched closely. The United States refused to join when it was offered membership in 2014, saying it was uncertain how the bank would measure up on matters of environmental protection, human rights and anticorruption measures long promoted by Western governments and institutions. Japan has also not sought membership in the bank.

這家新銀行受到密切的關注。2014年接到邀請時，美國拒絕加入亞投行，聲稱不確定它會如何在西方政府和機構長期推動的環境保護、人權和反腐措施等問題上做到合規。日本也不曾尋求加入該行。

But President Obama’s administration was mostly concerned that the bank would challenge the current development architecture, the Bretton Woods system established under the leadership of the United States after World War II.

不過，奧巴馬政府主要還是擔憂亞投行會挑戰目前的開發架構，也就是二戰後在美國領導下確立的佈雷頓森林體系。

In the past year, Mr. Jin has worked to reassure Washington, largely by agreeing to choose projects that have already been approved by the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the European bank. He has also emphasized that the new bank will be more streamlined and strive to be “lean, green and clean.”

過去一年，金立羣在努力消除華盛頓的擔憂，主要方式是同意選擇已被世界銀行、亞洲開發銀行和歐洲復興開發銀行批准的項目。他還強調亞投行的結構將會較爲精煉，努力做到“精幹、廉潔和綠色”。

Washington has shown no signs of wanting to join the new bank, but senior Obama administration officials have praised the decision to work with the established institutions and their regimen of standards.

華盛頓一直沒有顯示出想要加入的跡象，不過奧巴馬政府的高級官員讚揚了亞投行與成熟機構合作並遵循其標準規則的做法。

Britain was the most eager of the Western democracies to join the bank, and it broke ranks with the United States and became a member in the fall of 2014. Other members of the European Union, including France and Germany, rushed in after Britain.

在西方民主社會中，英國是最積極加入亞投行的國家。它於2014年秋季脫離美國陣營，成爲亞投行的成員國。包括法國和德國在內，歐盟的其他一些成員也很快加入。

The withdrawal of Britain from the European Union is not expected to affect its relationship with the bank, Mr. Jin said. “I believe the United Kingdom will continue to play an important role in the development of the bank,” he said at the news conference.

金立羣預計，英國退出歐盟不會對它與亞投行的關係產生影響。“我相信英國將繼續在亞投行的發展中扮演重要的角色，”他在新聞發佈會上表示。

Asked if he believed that Britain’s decision showed that the old guard was crumbling quicker than he expected, Mr. Jin diplomatically replied that he had detected no such signs.

在被問到他是否覺得英國的決定顯示出舊勢力崩潰的速度比他預料得要快，金立羣以外交口吻予以答覆——他沒有發現這種跡象。

One of five vice presidents of the bank, the British politician Danny Alexander, sat next to Mr. Jin at the news conference. Member countries eagerly sought to fill the positions of vice president, and Mr. Alexander’s appointment was interpreted as a reward to Britain for its critical support of the bank in the face of American opposition.

在新聞發佈會上，身爲亞投行五位副行長之一的英國政界人士丹尼·亞歷山大(Danny Alexander)就坐在金立羣旁邊。各成員國急切地想獲得副行長的職位，而亞歷山大獲得任命被解讀爲對英國的回報，感謝它在面臨美國的反對之時予以關鍵的支持。

Two dozen countries have expressed interest in joining the bank, and they sent observers to the two-day meeting, Mr. Jin said. The new members would come from Eastern Europe, Latin America and Africa, and could join as early as next year.

金立羣提到，有二十多個國家表達了加入亞投行的意向，他們派了觀察員來出席這次爲期兩天的會議。這些新成員來自東歐、拉丁美洲和非洲，最早可能於明年加入。

So far, the bank has 39 permanent professional staff members and about 20 other people working on contracts, a relatively small pool of people for an international bank planning to supervise major contracts. The staff is expected to expand to about 100 by the end of the year, a bank official said.

截至目前，亞投行共有39名常設正式員工，另有大約20名合同工。對於一個計劃監管大型合約項目的國際銀行而言，人員顯得比較少。一名銀行官員表示，到今年底，亞投行員工人數預計將達到100人左右。