世界上十大最受歡迎的博物館(下)

onal Gallery, England

5.英國倫敦國家美術館，英國

Situated in Trafalgar Square, London, the National Gallery was founded in 1824. Amongst its collection are 2,300 paintings from the 13th Century to the 20th. Its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry is free of charge. Unlike many museums in continental Europe, the gallery was not formed due to nationalising a former royalty owned collection, but rather due to the British government buying an initial 38 paintings for display. Since this purchase, the gallery was shaped by its earliest directors as well as from significant private donations. At one point, the museum was one of the few galleries with all its pieces on display, although this is no longer the case. The gallery has unfortunately seen its fair share of controversy – first regarding its over-zealous approach to restoration, then for misattributing paintings. Recently, it drew heavy criticism after deciding to buy US artist's George Bellow's 'Men of the Docks'. This was seen as a non-European painting in a European style, potentially taking the Gallery in a new artistic direction, and it was lambasted from both sides of the Atlantic. The National Gallery sees more than 5 million visitors each year.

英國倫敦國家美術館始建於1834年，坐落於倫敦的特拉法加廣場。在其衆多藝術品中，有2300件13世紀至20世紀的畫作。其藏品屬於大英國民，對所有人免費開放。與很多歐洲博物館不同的是，此館最初並不是通過國家將前朝王宮收爲國有而成立的，而是爲了展示大不列顛政府購買的38幅畫作。自此始，英國倫敦國家美術館即被設定爲個人藏品捐贈所建。此外，它當初還是少數展覽所有藏品的博物館之一。只是“這裏的藏品數量龐大，逃脫不了無奈將部分珍貴藏品雪藏的命運。不幸的是，這樣一座博物館也難逃非議:第一點便是它那過度的修繕方法。第二點則是對畫作的錯誤認定。最近，它因購買美國藝術家喬治·貝洛之作《碼頭上的人》備受爭議。這幅被視作歐洲風格的非歐洲畫作暗示了博物館走的新藝術方向，但也招致大西洋兩岸的罵聲。同上，這裏每年都要爲至少500萬的參觀者敞開大門。

Modern, England

4.泰特現代美術館，英國

London's Tate Modern forms part of Britain's Tate group, along with Tate Liverpool, Britain, St Ives and Tate Online. It is Britain's national gallery of international modern art. Its collection is made up of national and international contemporary art dating from 1900 to present day. Tate Modern annually attracts around 5.3 million visitors annually, a number far higher than originally expected. Since 2004, plans have been in place to essentially double the display space available. Estimated to cost £215 million, the project began with an underground expansion, primarily to show live performance art. It has been described by the museum as the world's first gallery dedicated entirely to live art. The Tate Modern is host to an ever changing array of exhibitions by artists including Picasso, Klee and Gilbert & George – a retrospective display which consumed an entire floor of the gallery.

倫敦的泰特現代美術館與泰特利物浦藝術館、泰特英國美術館、泰特聖艾夫斯美術館及泰特在線美術館一同隸屬於英國泰特集團。它是英國的國家國際現代藝術館。泰特現代美術館專門收藏20世紀至今的國內外當代藝術品，每年能夠吸引大概530萬的旅客前來參觀，遠超事先預期。自2004年以來，擴大一倍展館可用面積的方案已經步入實施。據估計此計劃耗資2.15億英鎊，項目以地下擴建爲開端，目的主要是爲了展現行爲表演藝術。它被譽爲是世界上第一個專注於行爲藝術的美術博物館。泰特現代美術館展出了一系列風格迥異的大師作品，如畢加索、保羅•克利、吉爾伯特和喬治的代表作，這些作品完全是一場佔據了一整層畫廊的重大回顧展出。

ish Museum, England

3.英國國家博物館，英國

Every year 5.6 million people pass through the doors of the British Museum. Located close to the heart of London in Bloomsbury on its original site, the building covers a massive area of 92,000 m2 (990,000 square feet). Established in 1753, the British Museum was originally largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The institution finally opened to the public on 15 January 1759 and up until 1997 it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building.

每年大約有560萬的遊客會前來參觀英國國家博物館。該館原址坐落於倫敦中心附近的布隆斯伯裏區，建築佔地規模大至92,000平方米（990,000平方英尺）。英國國家博物館建立於1753年，該館藏品大多數出自於身爲內科醫生、科學家的漢斯·斯隆爵士。1759年1月15日，英國國家博物館正式對公衆開放，直到1997年，古董和史書才從布盧姆斯伯裏搬遷到了位於聖潘克拉斯的新館，這也使得古董收藏館和新大英圖書館都置於英國國家博物館。

opolitan Museum of Art, North America

2.北美大都會博物館

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City on the eastern edge of Central Park. It is by far the largest art museum in the United States and one of the ten largest in the world covering about 190,000 m2 (2,000,000 square feet) and spread across two locations. The Met was founded in 1870 by a group of American citizens (which included businessmen and financiers as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day) who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It was officially opened on February 20, 1872 and has since moved locations from its original site. This huge museum attracts a staggering 6.1 million visitors annually and has a 'pay as you wish' admission with a recommendation of $25. Don't fret though, it's only a donation and no one will kick you out for not paying.

大都會博物館坐落在紐約中央公園東部。整個博物館分爲兩處，共佔地190000平方米(即2000000平方英尺)，是美國最大的博物館，也是世界上十大博物館之一。大都會博物館在1870年由一批美國公民籌建落成。這批公民中有商人、金融家，也有藝術領域的領軍人物和當代思想家，他們希望通過開放博物館給美國人民帶來藝術作品和藝術啓蒙。從原址搬離後大都會博物館於1872年2月20日正式開放。這座宏偉的博物館每年都會迎來610萬之多的遊客，它承諾“票價隨君”，但也給了個25美元的推薦票價。別擔心，購買門票實際上就是種捐贈行爲，沒有人會因爲你沒付費而把你趕出去。

Louvre, France

1.法國盧浮宮博物館

A central landmark of Paris, the Louvre is probably the most renowned museum worldwide. No one can pinpoint the exact origin of its name, but the Louvre was originally built as a fortress in the late 12th century and the building has been extended many times to form its present structure. The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings – the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. It has now been extended to include nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century which are all exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet) – one of which of course is the Mona Lisa. The Louvre is the world's most visited museum and sees more than 9.7 million visitors annually.

作爲巴黎的地標，位於法國巴黎市中心的盧浮宮大概是世界上最負盛名的博物館了。沒人知道這名字的由來，只知道盧浮宮始建於12世紀，原是法國的王宮，現爲藝術博物館，歷經800多年擴建重修達到了今天的規模。1793年8月10日，盧浮宮正式對外開放，首次展出了537幅美術臻品，這些藝術品大多源於皇室，並被教會充爲公產。現如今的盧浮宮佔地60600平方米(即652300平方英尺)，擁有從史前到現代的收藏達40萬件以上。其中展出的收藏品有近35000件，最著名的莫過於《蒙娜麗莎》油畫了。盧浮宮是舉世矚目的萬寶之宮，每年慕名前來的遊客多達970萬人次，堪稱世界之最。

審校：大洋彼岸的一條魚 編輯：凱珊 來源：前十網