中英雙語話歷史 第49期:西晉滅亡
In the late Western Jin, these northern minorities were at odds with each other. Some upper-class people of these minorities took advantage of this conflict to realize their own political ambitions. They successively established their own governments in which the noble marshals would take the supreme position.
In the last years of theu Disturbances of the Eight KingsM, many kings were defeated and killed. The strength of royal families was weakened. Besides the uprisings of the refugees and immigrants, the noble class people of minorities also poured the oil on the fire and made themselves into the rebels, among them Liu Yuan and Shi Le were the most eager ones.
“八王之亂”後期，參戰諸王相繼敗死，西晉皇室衰弱，在各地流民不斷起義時,內遷的少數民族上層分子也相繼起兵反晉，其中劉淵、石勒起兵最早。Liu Yuan, also named Yuan Hai, son of a Xiongnu noble Liu Bao, was a well educated person and had profound empathy in Chinese culture.
劉淵，字元海，匈奴貴族劉豹之子，漢化程度很深。
When Li Te and Zhang Chang held rebel against the Western Jin and the royal Kings were busy in killing each other, he was elected the Da Chanyu (King of Xiongnu tribes).
當李特、張昌先後舉兵反晉，宗室諸王混戰於北方之際，匈奴貴族共推劉淵爲大單于。In 304, he launched a campaign to overthrow the Jin government and soon his armies expanded as much as 50000. Establishing capital at Lishi (now Lishi in Shanxi province). Liu Yuan assumed himself King of Han and the Han and other minorities were all his subjects.
304年（永興元年），劉淵開始起兵。很快發展到五萬人，定都於離石（山西離石），建國號“漢”，自稱漢王，胡、漢各族很多人歸附他。Shi Le, sold as family servant, was Jie minority and attended the uprising while Liu Yuan called as King of Han.
石勒出身羯族，曾被賣爲家奴,劉淵稱漢王時，他參加起義。In 308, Liu Yuan declared himself emperor and move the capital to Pingyang (southwest of now Linfen city, Shanxi) and waged his army to attack Luoyang.
308年（永嘉二年），劉淵稱帝，遷都平陽（今山西臨汾縣），接着派大軍進攻洛陽。In 310, Liu Yuan died, his son Liu Cong killed his brother and secured the throne.
310年，劉淵死，其子劉聰殺兄自立爲帝。In the following year, Shi Le destroyed as much as 100,000 Jin army men in Ku county, in April (now luyi county, Henan) which turned out to be a heavy strike to Jin.
次年四月，石勒在苦縣（河南鹿 邑）消滅十餘萬晉軍，晉軍元氣大傷。In June of 311, Liu Cong sent troops to conquer the Western Jin capital Luoyang and captured Emperor Huai.
六月，劉聰大軍攻下洛陽，俘獲晉懷帝。Now the Western Jin existed in name only.
西晉名存實亡。Because this incident took place in the 5th year of Yongjia (311) of Emperor Huai, it was known as “the Yongjia Disturbance”.
因爲此事發生在懷帝永嘉五年(311 )，史稱“永嘉之亂”。During the disturbance, the northern people flocked to the south to escape the war, so this incident is also called “the Southward AAovement of Yongjia”.
北方百姓爲躲避戰亂，大量南遷,又稱“永嘉南渡”。In 316, the Xiongnu army entered Chang’ an, captured Emperor Min of Jin and ended the Western Jin Dynasty.
公元316年，匈奴兵攻人長安，俘了晉愍帝，西晉至此滅亡。The Western Jin Dynasty lasted 51 years, accommodated four emperors encompassing three generations. It was the only unified government and also the first dynasty collapsed by minorities force in Chinese history during the period between the Wei, the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
西晉享國51年，歷三代四帝，是魏晉南北朝歷史上唯一統一的政權，也是中國歷史上第一個被外族消滅的王朝。Afterwards, the imperial of China was left in chaos of wars in more than two hundred years.
此後，中國進入了一個長達200餘年的戰亂時期。
