中英雙語話史記 第113期:金朝衰亡
Jin Dynasty
Decline
衰亡Starting from the early 13th century the Jin Dynasty began to feel the pressure of Mongols from the north.
從13世紀初期開始，金朝逐步感受到了來自北方蒙古族的壓力。
Genghis Khan first led the Mongols into Western Xia territory in 1205 and ravaged them four years later.
成吉思汗先帶領蒙古在1205年時攻入西夏的疆土並在4年後推翻了西夏。In 1211 about 50 000 Mongols on horses invaded the Jin Empire and began absorbing Khitan and Jurchen rebels.
1211年，大約50000蒙古騎兵侵略金朝，開始吸收來自契丹和女真的叛徒。The Jin army had a half million men with 150 000 cavalry but abandoned the “western capital”.
金朝軍隊擁有500000兵力，其中包含150000騎兵，卻丟掉了“西都城”。The next year the Mongols went north and looted the Jin “eastern capital”, and in 1213 they besieged the “central capital”.
一年後，蒙古軍隊向北進攻，洗劫了金朝的“東都城”，1213年他們又圍攻了首都。In 1214 the Jin made a humiliating treaty but retained the capital.
1214年，金朝簽訂了一個喪權辱國的條約來保住都城。That summer， Jin Emperor Xuanzong (宣宗）abandoned the central capital and moved the government to the “southern capital” of Kaifeng，making it the official seat of Jin Dynasty power.
那個夏天，金宣宗遺棄了首都，將政府遷到了“南都”開封，使其成爲了金政權的所在地。In 1216 a war faction persuaded Xuanzong to attack the Song, but in 1219 they were defeated at the same place by the Yangtze River, where Prince Hailing had been defeated in 1161.
1216年，一場內戰迫使宣宗攻打宋朝，但是1219年他們卻在長江邊海陵王1161年戰敗的同一個地方被擊敗了。Jin Emperor Aizong won a succession struggle against his brother and then quickly ended the war and went back to the capital.
金哀宗在於他的兄弟們連續的鬥爭中勝利了，他很快結束了戰爭，重回都城。He made peace with the Tanguts, who had been allied with the Mongols.
他與和蒙古人結成聯軍的唐谷特人講和。Genghis Khan died in 1227 while his armies were conquering the Tangut Empire.
成吉思汗於1227年駕崩，那時候他的軍隊已經征服了唐谷特王朝。His son Gedei Khan invaded the Jin Empire in 1232.
他的兒子窩闊臺可汗在1232年侵略金朝。The Jurchens tried to resist; but when Kaifeng was attacked, Aizong fled south.
女真人試圖抵抗，但是當開封淪陷後，哀宗逃亡了南方。The Mongols looted the capital in 1233, and the next year Aizong committed suicide to avoid being captured, ending the Jin dynasty in 1234.
蒙古人與1233年洗掠了都城，一年後哀宗爲了不被蒙古人捕獲自殺身亡，金朝於1234年亡國。
