中國海外留學市場爆棚大綱

I’ve found it interesting reading through the annual “Open Doors 2012” report from the Institute of International Education, which tracks data concerning international students studying in the U.S., as well as U.S. students studying abroad.
國際教育學會《2012美國開放門戶報告》十分有趣，它對在美留學的外籍學生以及赴海外求學的美國學生進行了跟蹤調查。

China remained the largest sender of students to the U.S. for the third year in a row in the 2011/12 school year. In IIE’s data gathering, the Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong are all counted separately. Their work is focused primarily on the tertiary education sector, so their report does not including secondary school enrollment.
2011至2012學年，中國連續第三次蟬聯美國最大的留學生來源國。在國際教育學會的統計中，中國大陸、臺灣及香港被作爲獨立單元分別進行計算。此項調查以高等教育爲主，其中並未體現中學在校生的情況。

Overall new college and university level enrollment by international students in the U.S. rose by 5.7% in 2011/12. Students from China, on the other hand, grew by 23.1%, to a total of 194,029.
2011至2012學年，在美國大學及學院註冊的海外留學生增加了5.7%，其中來自中國的留學生上漲了23.1%，達到194,029人。

During that year, students from the Chinese mainland accounted for 25% of all international enrollment. India ranked second with 13.1%, followed by South Korea with 9.5%. Other Asian places of origin in the top ten included Taiwan (in 6th place, with 3% of the total), Japan (7th, with 2.6%), Vietnam (8th, with 2%).
這一年，中國大陸留學生佔到各國留學生的25%。印度排名第二，佔比13.1%，之後是韓國，9.5%。進入前十名的其它亞洲留學生來源地還包括中國臺灣（第六名，佔總數的3%）、日本（第七名，2.6%）、越南（第八名，2%）。

The record high 764,495 international student enrollment in the 50 U.S. states contributed US$ 22.7 billion to the U.S. economy, according to IIE estimates. More than 60% of international students report personal and family sources as their source of funds.
據國際教育學會估計，全美50個州登記的留學生人數達到了歷史最高點764,495人，共爲美國經濟帶來227億美元的貢獻。其中超過60%的留學生都表示，其資金來源爲個人收入或家庭供給。

For purposes of rough estimation, if we assumed that all students spent the same amount, then with 29.5% of total international enrollment in US colleges and universities coming from Greater China, that’s an expenditure in the range of US$ 6.69 billion in the US in the 2011 academic year. Big bucks.
粗略估算一下，假設所有學生的支出相等，那麼佔美國大學留學生總數29.5%的大中華區學生在2011學年的總支出應爲66.9億美元。真是好大一筆開支啊！

In addition, the “upstream” consumer market in China for test preparation (SAT, GMAT, TOEFL etc.) and private English tuition is in excess of US$ 5 billion per year in tuition and fees. An important driver of this demand is the opportunity for overseas study in English speaking countries including the U.S.
此外，中國的“上游”市場——SAT、GMAT、託福等考前教育和私人英語培訓每年的學費收入已超過50億美元。而前往包括美國在內的英語國家求學是滋生以上市場需求的重要原因之一。

Put into this perspective, higher education in China is indeed a very big business, and growing fast.
從這個角度看，中國的高等教育真是一個非常巨大而且增長迅速的產業。

On a state-by-state basis, California plays host (and cash register) for the largest number of international students, with a total of 102,789 spending some US$ 3.2 billion. New York comes in second, with 82,000-plus and US$ 2.58 billion in expenditures.
如果拿各州作比較，加利福尼亞接待（及進帳）的留學生最多，共有102,789人，總消費達32億美元。紐約位列第二，學生超過82,000人，消費爲25.8億美元。

Looking back just ten years to the 2002 data, India was ahead of China as the source of the most international students. California and New York were still the number one and number two destinations for international students.
回看一下十年前2002年的數據，當時印度是美國最大的留學生來源地，領先中國。而加州和紐約一直都是海外學生的首選目的地。For ten years’ running, the University of Southern California has been the leader among US universities in terms of numbers of international students ( 9,269 in 2011/12 versus 5,950 in 2002). Second or third place has typically gone to New York University, with traditionally strong rankings also by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Columbia, Purdue, and University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
十年來，南加州大學的留學生人數一直高居各校之首（2011-2012學年爲9,269人，2002年爲5,950人）。紐約大學通常不是第二就是第三，其它一貫排名靠前的學校還包括厄巴那伊利諾伊大學、哥倫比亞大學、普渡大學、密歇根大學安娜堡分校。

The only Ivy League school regularly in the top 20 in terms of hosting international students has been Harvard University.
長青藤聯盟唯一一所留學生人數經常躋身前二十名的學校是哈佛大學。

U.S. students are also studying abroad in growing numbers, but the financial crisis of 2008 put a plateau into the growth curve. Europe is still the traditional leader as a host region for US students studying abroad, with some 54% heading there.
與此同時，赴海外留學的美國學生也呈現上升趨勢，但2008年的經濟危機讓增長曲線進入平臺期。歐洲歷來是美國學生海外留學的熱點，有54%的學生都前往歐洲學習。

China is now ranked 5th in the world as a host for US students. In 2010/11 (the latest data available), there were 14,596 U.S. students in China, nearly a five-fold increase over the past ten years.
中國接待的美國留學生總數在全球排名第五。2010至2011學年（這是現有的最新統計數據），美國在華留學生共有14,596人，相較於10年前增長了5倍。

It’s also interesting to reflect on the fact that although international student numbers in the U.S. have been rising very steadily for many years, they have been outpaced by the growth in U.S. student enrollment overall. As a result, the percentage of international students within the total enrollment numbers has remained in the range of between 3 and 4% during the past ten years.
調查還反映出一個有趣的現象，儘管赴美留學生的總量連年穩步增長，但仍超不過美國當地學生的整體增長。結果，留學生佔學生總數的比例在過去十年中一直保持在3%至4%之間。

In 2011/12, total enrollment in US universities and colleges was 20.6 million, as compared with 15.9 million ten years earlier. To put that into a bit more historical perspective, total enrollment in 1981/82 was just 12.3 million; in 1970/71 the number was 8.5 million. In other words, dramatic growth.
2011至2012學年，美國大學及學院共有在校生2,060萬名，10年前這一數字爲1,590萬人。如果追溯更遠一點兒的歷史，1981至1982學年的學生總數爲1,230萬人，1971至1981學年爲850萬人。也就是說，增長十分顯著。

Talking with HR experts, it’s clear that the U.S. now has a surplus of college graduates and a serious shortage of young people with more formal technical training. While there remains serious unemployment in the white collar job sector, companies are finding it hard to fill many technical and skilled manufacturing positions. This is a serious disconnect.
與人力資源專家對話發現，如今美國明顯面臨着大學畢業生過剩、受過正統技術培訓的青年短缺的現狀。白領崗位失業率居高不下，用人單位苦於找不到高級技工。二者脫節相當嚴重。

Different people will rightly focus on different aspects of the growth story in Chinese students going to America — some positive, some negative. On balance, to me, it’s a good news story. We need all the bright young talent we can get who have the language and thinking skills to help navigate our challenging future.
針對中國赴美留學生增長這一現象，不同的人會從不同的角度予以關注——或褒或貶。但總的來說，我覺得這是一則好消息。因爲我們需要一切既具備語言能力、又會思考的年輕才俊來幫助我們探索未來。

Let’s just hope that in addition to a college degree they learn that the world doesn’t owe them a living. Success takes hard work, the ability to bounce back from adversity, and an ethical compass to navigate by; but international study can open many new doors.
只期盼這些年輕人在拿到大學文憑的同時，也能懂得這世界並不虧欠他們一個人生。成功需要努力，需要在逆境中崛起的能力，也需要守正不阿，但海外留學將爲他們的人生帶來許多新的機遇。