創意豐富的人更容易騙人？

Creative thinkers are more likely to cheat as they can come up with elaborate explanations to justify their actions, researchers claim.
最近有研究發現，創造力無限的思想者更容易騙人，因爲他們能想出各種解釋爲自己的行爲辯護。

The psychologists tested a range of students and found that those with vivid imaginations cheated in order to get a bigger financial prize.
心理學家測試了一批學生，發現其中有豐富想象力的更容易爲了更豐厚的獎金報酬而騙人或作弊。

The students then used their creative thinking skills to come up with different reasons for their actions and ultimately assuage their guilt.
這些學生用他們的創意思維能力想出各種藉口爲自己的行動辯護，最後減輕了自己的內疚感。

'Greater creativity helps individuals solve difficult tasks across many domains,' study researcher Francesca Gino of Harvard University said in a statement, according to LiveScience. 'But creative sparks may lead individuals to take unethical routes when searching for solutions to problems and tasks.'
哈佛大學研究人員Francesca Gino表示：“創造力的確有助於人們解決許多領域裏面臨的困難，但創意的火花可能導致某些人在解決問題完成任務時採取不道德的途徑。”

Scientists asked 97 students from southeastern U.S. universities to complete a series of recognised psychological tests.
科學家研究了美國東南部大學的97名學生，要求他們完成一系列廣受認可的心理學測試。

Participants looked at drawings with dots on two sides of a diagonal line and were then asked figure out which side had more dots. In half of the 200 tests, there was a virtually identical number of dots on either side.
參與者需要看着一條對角線兩側有圓點的圖案，然後指出哪一側的圓點更多。在一共200個測試中，有一半其實兩側的圓點數量相同。

The students were then given an incentive of 5 cents for choosing the right side of the line but only 0.5 cents for picking the left side of diagram.
研究者事先告訴學生獎勵的方法：選線右側可以得到5美分，選左側只能拿到0.5美分。

The more creative people chose the more lucrative right side even though there was no reason for them to believe it had more dots.
創意性更豐富的人即使在明知沒有理由確定右邊的圓點多的情況下，也會選擇獎勵更爲豐厚的右側。The researchers claim that this is proof that creative individuals construct imaginative justifications in their mind while cheating, and in particular, when cheating for money.
研究人員表示，這可以證明創意豐富的人在欺騙行爲時會在心中構建各種充滿想象力的藉口，尤其涉及到金錢時。

A second experiment saw students answer general-knowledge questions by circling their answers on test paper.
第二個實驗要求學生們回答基礎常識問題，答題方式是在試卷上圈出正確的答案。

They were then told to transfer their answers to another piece of paper. However, the researcher then told them that this same test sheet had been accidentally marked with the correct answers.
研究人員告訴學生，需要將答案謄寫到標準答題紙上，但是又告訴他們，由於影印用錯紙張，答題紙上已隱約可見正確的答案。

Although the students were led to believe there was no way they could get caught cheating, a system was in place to catch those who had.
雖然研究者讓學生們誤以爲在轉填答案時作弊不會被抓到，但是其實是有追蹤學生作弊情況的暗記系統。

Once again it was the creative types who had taken shortcuts by copying the correct answers. During this experiment students also knew they would be paid more for correct answers, so had more incentive to cheat.
結果再次發現，創造力強的學生會走捷徑抄襲正確答案。在測試過程中學生們也瞭解正確答案越多，酬勞就會越豐厚，所以他們又有了作弊的動機。

'Being able to generate several original justifications for one's own unethical actions thanks to creativity may lead people to feel licensed to cheat,' the authors wrote in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
《人性與社會心理學報》的作者在文中寫到：“創造力使得他們能夠爲自己的不道德行爲找到各種藉口，可能會導致這些人覺得自己有騙人的特權。”

'The results from the current paper indicate that, in fact, people who are creative or work in environments that promote creative thinking may be the most at risk when they face ethical dilemmas.'
“現在的研究結果表明，創意強或是在有利於發展創意思維的環境中工作的人更容易面臨道德的兩難境地。”

The study did not identify a link between intelligence and dishonesty. Less intelligent people who lacked creativity were also no more likely to cheat.
研究並沒有發現智力和不誠實之間存在關聯。智力低、缺乏創意性的人一般都不太會騙人。