世界上10座失落的城市(1)
A city becomes "lost" when it is abandoned by its inhabitants and left to decay. This can be the result of war, migration, or natural disaster, but in each case these cities can act as a sort of time capsule, leaving a civilization frozen in history and waiting to be discovered. While many of these cities have indeed been rediscovered, others have never been found and have taken on the status of legend. Whether real or mythical, the following are the ten lost cities that have most captured the imaginations of historians, archeologists, and adventurers.
當一座城市被它的居民遺棄並任其衰落時，它便成了"失落"之城。這可能是因爲戰爭、移民或是自然災害，但每種情況下這些城市都像某種時空膠囊一樣，留下冰封的歷史以待後世發現。許多城市確實被重新發現了，而另一些則從未被找到，成爲了傳奇故事。無論是真實還是虛構，以下這10座城市都激發了歷史學家、考古學家以及冒險家們的想象力。City Of The Caesars
10.凱撒之城（The City Of the Caesars）
Also known as the Wandering City and the City of Patagonia, The City of the Caesars is a mythical city that is believed to have been located on the southernmost tip of South America in the region known as Patagonia. The city has never been found, and at this point it is considered more legend than anything, but in its time it was quite sought after by colonial explorers. It was said to have been founded by survivors of a Spanish shipwreck, and was believed to possess huge amounts of gold and jewels. Over time, a number of legends have formed around the City of the Caesars, with some saying that it was populated by 10-foot tall giants, and others claiming that it was a city of ghosts that could appear and disappear at will.
同樣被稱爲流浪之城（the Wandering City）和巴塔哥尼亞之城（the City of Patagonia），凱撒之城是曾被認爲位於南美洲最南端名爲巴塔哥尼亞的區域裏的神祕城市。這座城市從未被發現，現在多認爲它只是一個傳說，但在過去曾有許多殖民探險者前往找尋它。據說它由西班牙船隻失事的倖存者建立，並且其中有大量的金子和珠寶。久而久之，圍繞着凱撒之城有了許多傳說，有的說有10英尺高的巨人住在裏面，另一些則宣稱它是一座可以憑自己意願出現和消失的鬼城。
9.特洛伊（Troy）
Made famous in the epic poems of Homer, Troy was a once-legendary city located in modern day Turkey. Best known for being the site of the Trojan War, ancient Troy was a strongly fortified city that stood on a hill near the river Scamander. Its coastal location allowed it to be a naval power, and nearby plains provided excellent land for farming. Troy was long considered by many to be the stuff of myth until it was first excavated in the 1870s by Heinrich Schliemann, who discovered that there were actually numerous cities on the site, which over the years had been built on top of one another. Although it was once a towering seat of power, the modern-day Troy excavation site is said to be relatively unimpressive, the result of years of digging and frequent looting by tourists.
成名於荷馬史詩，特洛伊是位於現在的土耳其的傳說中的城市。古特洛伊以特洛伊戰爭而聞名，是一座佇立在靠近施曼德河的山上的防禦堅固的城市。它沿海的位置使它成爲了海上強國，附近的平原也提供了絕佳的耕地。很長一段時間以來，許多人都認爲特洛伊只是個神話故事，直到19世紀70年代海因裏希·施利曼（Heinrich Schliemann）第一次發掘出了它，他發現這個遺址中實際上有很多城市，多年以來層疊式地建在了一起。雖然特洛伊曾是權力的頭把交椅，但它現代的遺蹟據說並不十分顯眼，長年的挖掘和觀光客們頻繁的洗劫導致了這個結果。Lost City Of Z
8.迷失之城Z（The Lost City Of Z）
Supposedly located deep in the jungles of Brazil, the lost city of Z was said to be an advanced civilization with a sophisticated network of bridges, roads, and temples. Speculation about Z began after a document was found in which a Portuguese explorer insisted he had visited the city in 1753, but otherwise no evidence of its existence has ever been uncovered. The city of Z is most famous for attracting the interest of explorer Percy Fawcett, who in 1925 vanished without a trace while in search of it, and over the years a number of other adventurers have died or disappeared while on its trail. In recent years, a city known as Kuhikugu was discovered in the Amazon Rainforest that showed evidence of sophisticated fortifications and engineering, leading many to speculate that it may be the source of the Z legend.
迷失之城Z據推測位於巴西深深的叢林之中，據說有着複雜的橋樑網絡、道路和寺廟的先進文明的城市。對Z城的猜測始於人們找到的一份文書，其中一位葡萄牙探險家堅持聲稱他在1753年到過那座城市，但除此以外沒有發現其他證據來證明它的存在。關於Z城最出名的事是它激起了探險家波西·福西特（Percy Fawcett）的興趣，他於1925年在尋找它時消失得無影無蹤，而多年以來許多其他的冒險者在也在尋找它時死亡或是失蹤。近年來，一座名爲Kuhikugu的城市在亞馬遜雨林中被發現，它有着複雜的防禦工事和建築工程，這些證據讓許多人猜想這可能是Z城傳說的源頭。a
7.佩特拉（Petra）
Arguably the most beautiful of all the cities on this list, Petra is located in Jordan near the Dead Sea and is believed to have once been the center of the Nabataean caravan trade. Its most striking feature is its exquisite stone architecture, which is carved out of the rocks of the surrounding mountains. This helped make Petra a naturally fortified city when it was established as a capital in 100 B.C., and evidence suggests that it featured many other technological advancements like dams and cisterns, which helped the inhabitants channel the region’s flash floods and store water for use in times of drought. After hundreds of years of prosperity, the city went into decline after the Romans conquered the region, and in A.D. 363 an earthquake destroyed several of its buildings and crippled its infrastructure. Petra was eventually abandoned, and it stood for years in the desert as something of a curiosity before being revealed to the world at large in 1812 by a Swiss explorer.
佩特拉可能是這份名單上最美的一座城市，它位於約旦，靠近死海，被認爲曾是納巴泰人商業貿易的中心。它最鮮明的特點是它精美的石頭建築，由周圍山脈上的岩石雕刻而成。這使得佩特拉在公元前100年作爲首府修建時即成爲一個天生的堅固要塞，還有證據顯示它有許多其他的技術進步，例如大壩和蓄水池，這幫助了居民們導開這個地區的洪水並在乾旱時儲水。在歷經上百年的繁榮後，城市在羅馬征服了這個區域後衰落了，而在公元363年，一場地震摧毀了它的部分建築並損壞了它的基礎設施。佩特拉最後被遺棄了，它在沙漠中佇立了數年，在1812年被瑞士探險家完全公諸於世之前都是令人好奇的存在。Dorado
6.黃金國（El Dorado）
One of the most famous of all the legendary cities, El Dorado was a mythical empire supposedly found in the jungles of South America. Literally meaning "The Golden One" in Spanish, the city was said to be led by a powerful king and hold untold riches of gold and jewels. In the time of the conquistadors, the city was a subject of constant fascination, and several disastrous expeditions were launched in search of it. The most famous of these was headed by Gonzalo Pizarro, who in 1541 led a group of 300 soldiers and several thousand Indians into the jungle in search of El Dorado. They uncovered no evidence of the city or its treasures, and after the group was decimated by disease, famine, and attacks by natives, the expedition was abandoned. This model is on display in the Gold Museum, Bogotá, Colombia
黃金國是神話城市中最出名的一個，據說它是由一個傳說中的帝國在南美洲的叢林裏建立的。黃金國在西班牙語裏的字面意思就是"金色"，這個城市據說是由一位極具權力的國王統治着，他擁有無窮的金子和珠寶。在殖民時期，這座城市具有無盡的魅力，好幾支探險隊都在尋找它的途中損失慘重。其中最出名的一支由岡薩洛·皮薩羅（Gonzalo Pizarro）帶領，他於1541年帶領了由300士兵和幾千印第安人組成的隊伍深入叢林尋找黃金國。他們沒有發現任何城市或它的寶藏的蹤跡，而隊伍在疾病、饑荒和當地人的攻擊下人數大幅削減，此後遠征便被放棄了。這具展出的模型位於哥倫比亞波哥大的黃金博物館。翻譯：bansu 來源：前十網
