孕婦能吃抗過敏的藥嗎?
Can You Take Allergy Medicine While Pregnant?
孕婦能吃抗過敏的藥嗎?
NO DOUBT, SOME CAUTION is warranted when deciding whether to take any medication when pregnant or nursing.
毫無疑問，妊娠期或哺乳期有很多注意事項，應特別注意科學用藥。
That's because, experts say, while most medications are generally considered safe during this period, doctors and patients alike only have so much data to go on due a relative lack of research. There's a dearth of large, human studies on the safety and effectiveness of drugs for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. For these patients "we have very limited information," says Dr. Catherine Spong, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology and chief of maternal fetal medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
專家表示，雖然人們認爲大多數藥物在這段時間內是可以安全服用的，但由於相關研究的缺乏，醫生和患者能看到的數據並不是很多。對孕婦和哺乳期女性而言，尚缺乏大量的關於藥物安全性和有效性的人類研究。對這些羣體而言，“我們所知甚少，”達拉斯市德州大學西南醫學中心的婦產科教授和母胎醫學主任凱瑟琳·斯龐（Catherine Spong）醫生說道。
To be sure, medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration must be safe for women of reproductive age, she notes. "Many medications are commonly taken by lots of women – they may not even know that they're pregnant at the time – and have not been found to have adverse effects," Spong notes.
可以肯定的是，食品和藥物管理局批准的藥物對於育齡婦女而言肯定是安全的，她指出。“通常，很多女性會在不知道自己懷孕的情況下服用一些藥物，目前尚未發現任何副作用，”斯龐指出。
Allergy Medicines and Birth Defects
過敏藥和出生缺陷
One reason antihistamines have been scrutinized is because past studies have raised concerns about a potential link between antihistamines and birth defects. However, a review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the research that included more than 50 scientific articles through early 2014 found that most of the drugs don't appear to be linked to birth defects.
由於先前的研究讓人們覺得抗組胺藥與先天性缺陷之間存在潛在關聯，所以抗組胺藥受到了嚴格審查。然而，疾控中心對一項研究（包含2014年初發表的50多篇科技論文）的述評發現：大多數藥物似乎與出生缺陷無關。
One thoroughly studied example highlighted in the review, which was published in the journal Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, involves an association first identified between prenatal exposure to loratadine and male children being born with hypospadias. That's a birth defect in which opening of the uretha isn't located at the tip of the penis, but instead is underneath it. The abnormality affects the ability to urinate and also leads to problems with sexual function later if it's not addressed. Treatment usually involves surgery to correct the defect.
有人深入研究了該述評（發表於《藥物安全專家意見》期刊上）重點提出的一個例子——人們首次發現產前吃氯雷他定與生出患有尿道下裂的男寶寶有關。這種先天缺陷指的是男性尿道口出現在陰部下方而非上方。這種異常會影響寶寶的排尿能力，如不加以治療，後期或影響其性功能。通常需進行手術治療。
But the research review found that link has not been confirmed in subsequent studies.
然而該研究述評發現：後續研究尚未證實這一關聯。
Nor has research demonstrated that antihistamines cause birth defects of any kind. Given that, some experts speculate that such associations between antihistamine use and birth defects may just be the result of chance, as suggested in other research, and aren't connected.
也沒有研究證明抗組胺藥會導致任何出生缺陷。鑑於此，一些專家推測，服用抗組胺藥與出生缺陷之間的這種關聯可能只是偶然性的，正如其它研究所表明的那樣，並不存在相關性。
