美國宣佈對中興通訊實施禁令大綱

A recent decision made by the US government has caused a big stir.
美國政府近期的一項決定引發了一場巨大轟動。

On April 16, the US Department of Commerce announced that it would impose a seven-year ban on China’s telecommunications-gear maker ZTE’s purchase of core US technologies, including computer chips.
4月16日，美國商務部宣佈，禁止美國企業向中國電信設備製造商中興通訊銷售包括電腦芯片在內的元器件和技術，時間長達7年。

The ban is the latest development in the US government’s punishment of ZTE, after the company pleaded guilty in 2017 to violating US sanctions by shipping telecom equipment to Iran and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Since then, ZTE has paid fines and penalties.
該項禁令是美國政府對中興通訊進行處罰的最新舉動，該公司於2017年承認違反美國對伊朗和朝鮮實施的出口禁令，向兩國出口電信設備。自此，中興通訊支付了罰款。

But US officials say the company has not kept its promise to discipline 35 employees, leading to their decision to ban ZTE.
但美國官員稱該公司並未履行處罰35名相關員工的承諾，令他們決定對中興通訊實施禁令。

In response, China’s Ministry of Commerce said it is ready to take necessary measures to safeguard the rights and interests of Chinese companies, and it urged the US to create a fair environment for all players.
中國商務部迴應稱隨時準備採取必要措施，維護中國企業合法權益，並敦促美方回到國際貿易合作共贏的正確軌道上來。

On April 20, ZTE said it wouldn’t accept the US’ ban on the company, which it called “extremely unfair”, adding that the US has ignored its efforts to comply with the country’s export control laws and regulations.
4月20日，中興通訊表示無法接受美國對公司實施的禁令，稱其“極不公平”，並表示美方無視中興通訊在遵循該國出口管制合規方面的艱苦努力。

The case triggered in-depth discussions focused on the urgency for China to support development of its own core technologies in the telecommunications industry.
此案引發了關於中國迫切需要支持電信行業核心技術發展的深度討論。

In recent years, China has spent more than $200 billion on imported chips annually – more than the amount spent on crude oil (原油) imports – said Wang Zhihua, a microelectronics professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing.
近年來，中國每年進口超過2000億美元的芯片 —— 遠遠超過石油的進口額，清華大學微電子學教授王志華表示。

For Hu Weiwu, who is in charge of Loongson, China’s first general-purpose microprocessor with intellectual property rights, this crisis could be turned into something positive.
在我國首個擁有知識產權的通用處理器 ——“龍芯”的負責人胡偉虎看來，這場危機或許具有積極作用。

“We can turn the ZTE crisis into an opportunity to raise public awareness of the importance of processors and ramp up our push to promote the use of China-developed chips,” Hu said.
“我們可以將中興通訊危機轉化爲提高公衆對處理器重要性的認識的機會，並加大力度推動使用中國開發的芯片，”胡偉武表示。

In fact, many efforts have already been made. In 2014, China set up a fund worth around 138 billion yuan to support promising local chip companies in an attempt to reduce its reliance on US chip giants such as Qualcomm and Intel.
事實上，我國（在這方面）已經做出了不少努力。2014年，中國成立了一個價值約1380億元的基金，用於支持具有發展前景的本土芯片企業，試圖減少我國對高通、英特爾等美國芯片巨頭的依賴。

And more efforts will be made. “China will continue to reform and open up further. By making good use of technological resources both domestically and internationally, it will achieve independent innovation while benefiting the world,” commented People’s Daily. “The road is long, but the goal is attainable under diligent efforts.”
我國還會做出更多努力。“中國將繼續擴大開放，努力用好國際國內兩種科技資源，在與世界的互利共贏中實現自主創新，”《人民日報》評論道。“這條路很長，但只要用心做，就一定能實現目標。”