如何成爲喬布斯？自戀+謙虛
It takes a certain amount of narcissism to claw your way up the ranks of a company. But it takes as much humility to be successful once you’re there.
要爬上公司的領導層當然需要一點自戀的精神，但是當你已經置身領導級，要想在這裏取得成功，還得具有與自戀同樣多的謙遜態度。
Executives who curb their confidence in their vision by admitting mistakes and limitations and acknowledging the contributions of others tend to command the most respect and loyalty from their teams, who thereby deliver results, according to a new study from Brigham Young University’s Marriott School of Management. However, humility, like meditation or golf, may take some practice.
根據美國楊百翰大學麥裏特商學院新近的一項研究表明，如果一位管理人員能夠節制自己的主觀觀念，承認自己的錯誤和能力的侷限性，能夠首肯他人的貢獻，他將更能夠得到團隊成員的尊敬和忠誠心。不過，這種謙遜精神就像冥想術或高爾夫球一樣，也需要勤加練習才能得心應手。
And even so, narcissism is often a necessary tool for success -- as it was for the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, whose obsessive commitment to his vision for the iPhone maker helped shape it into the world's most valuable company.
不過即便如此，自戀往往仍是成功的必備要素——比如說已故的蘋果公司聯合創始人，史蒂夫·喬布斯就是一個頗爲迷戀、執著於自己的觀點的人，正是他這種固執己見將蘋果公司塑造成爲了世界上身價最高的公司。
“Humility is not meant to replace some of the quintessential aspects of leaders,” Bradley P. Owens, assistant professor of business ethics at the university, told The Huffington Post. “It’s meant to supplement and buffer them from the extremes of narcissism.”
該校商務倫理學助理教授佈雷德利·P·歐文對《華盛頓郵報》記者說，“對那些管理人員來說，謙遜精神不應該取代他們身上的那些精神精髓。”“謙遜精神只是用來對他們極端的自戀主義做補充和緩衝的。”
The study surveyed 876 employees at a large Fortune 100 health insurance company and asked them to rate 138 leaders in the company on their humility and effectiveness, and how motivated the employees were by their supervisors.
這項研究對876名在一家躋身財富100強名單的大型健康保險公司供職的職員進行了調查，研究人員請他們爲這家公司的138名管理人員進行測評，選出他們的謙遜程度，工作效率高低，以及後者是否能夠對職員起到激勵作用。
Researchers measured the narcissism of the leaders by asking them to describe themselves by choosing between statements such as “I am an extraordinary person,” or “I am much like everybody else.”
研究人員還對管理層的自戀程度作出了測評，請後者在“我是一個無與倫比的人物”或“我和其他人沒什麼不同”等陳述中選出最符合自己的陳述。
“The leaders that performed the best were those who had high narcissism and high humility.” Owens said.歐文稱，“最好的管理者是那些即有高度的自戀態度又有高度的謙遜精神的人。”
