託福寫作題型簡介及備考策略——獨立寫作

託福寫作有分爲獨立寫作和綜合寫作兩個部分今天小編就來和大家分享一下獨立寫作的題型簡介以及備考策略，希望對大家有幫助！　

託福寫作題型簡介及備考策略——獨立寫作

1 託福獨立寫作介紹

1.1 典型問法

託福獨立寫作部分(the Independent Writing Task)爲新託福寫作試題的第二個部分，要求考生針對某個問題提出自己的論點並展開，考試時間爲30分鐘。這種題目的典型問法爲：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

[A sentence or sentences that present an issue appear here]

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

1.2 評分原則和評分標準

評分原則：

從2010年1月開始，iBT寫作評分系統做出重大改革。由原來的兩位閱卷者獨立閱卷給分，兩個分數的算術平均值爲原始分，改爲一個閱卷人和一個電腦評分系統(E-Rater)分別給分。其中，E-Rater負責Linguistic feature(語言因素)，即語法，句法和結構;人工負責文章內容和含義;兩部分相加，即爲考生的作文原始分。而最終的分數則與原始分所佔的百分比(Percentile)相關：比如30分對應97.9%，即只有2.1%的人得到了滿分。

評分標準：

Score 5: An essay as this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

Effectively addresses the topic and task;

Is well-organized and well-developed, using clearly appropriate explanation, exemplifications, and/or details;

Display unity, progression and coherence;

Display consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.

評分標準解讀：

閱卷人會從考生是否切題，如何展開論點，如何組織文章結構和語言運用四個方面評估考生的文章。

是否切題：考生不能跑題，答非所問;

展開論點：考生一定要提供足夠的事例，細節，理由來支持觀點;不要僅爲了增加文章字數而堆砌冗長無意義的詞或句子，卻沒有針對論點展開論述;

文章結構：如果一篇文章能夠展現統一，漸進和連貫，讀者就能毫無障礙地流暢的閱讀;避免邏輯斷層，累贅，離題偏題和條理不清晰的銜接，這些都會造成閱讀障礙，影響得分。

語言運用：如果考生作文句子簡單，詞彙量有限，沒有體現多樣性，分數不會超過3分;但是託福寫作並不要求學生寫fancy words，即高級深奧的詞彙;單詞，無論難易，準確即可;所以考生也無需故意生搬硬套SAT或GRE單詞，一旦使用不當，造成文章晦澀難懂，那就得不償失了。

2 託福獨立寫作備考策略

乍看託福獨立寫作評分標準，很多同學都會覺得高深頭疼，無從下手;但實際上在所有的國外英語考試中，與GRE，SAT和IELTS相比，託福獨立寫作是題目最簡單最好理解且對於文章思維深度要求最低的。只需有一個科學的備考策略，做好計劃，按部就班的完成，高分指日可待。

Step 1 輸入

任何輸出性的技能都是以輸入作爲前提。巧婦難爲無米之炊，沒有豐富的詞彙和語言積累，好作文永遠都是空中樓閣。那輸入什麼呢?

首先，寫作常用短語。背單詞對於寫作口語這種輸出型測試是無意義的。原因很簡單：英語單詞變化多端，我們經常會看到單詞書上一個單詞三種詞性，十種中文翻譯;更可怕的是，因爲中英文思維差異，單詞書上中文翻譯也很難解釋英文單詞真正的含義。所以很多同學刻苦拿下託福單詞甚至更難的SAT或GRE單詞，閱讀單詞量上萬，但是真到出手寫作文時，還是無從下筆，捉襟見肘。而寫作短語則變化較少，並且自帶固定搭配，與中文翻譯更容易形成一對一的映射，所以背寫作常用短語對於造句子纔是立竿見影。

比如短語“put a heavy strain on”中文翻譯爲“施加巨大壓力”。有了這個短語，翻譯如下句子易如反掌：“移民數量的增加給公共交通施加了巨大壓力”;“過多的家庭作業給孩子們施加了巨大的學習壓力”。即：“The increasing number of immigrants has put a heavy strain on public transit.”;“Excessive school assignments put a heavy academic strain on students.”有了一定量的短語積累，造句子只需要換頭換尾，so easy。

其次：寫作常用思路。衆所周知，託福獨立寫作的一大特點就是話題涵蓋面極廣，按素材能夠分出數十種類型，教育，工作，政府，環境，科技，娛樂，交友，成功，電影電視，廣告，古今對比都可能化身獨立寫作題目。面對這些令人眼花繚亂的分類，同學們也無需驚慌，實際上，託福題目可以變，但是總有一些不變應萬變的思路，可以輕鬆套用到很多同類題目中。

比如對於“Do you agree or disagree the following statement? College students should take part-time jobs before they graduate.”即，“大學生是否應該在在校期間做兼職”這道題目，我們可以選擇同意，給出第一個理由Through taking part-time jobs, students can better identify where their true interest lies. 通過做兼職，大學生們可以更好地發現自己真正興趣所在。成段如下：

Through taking part-time jobs, students can better identify where their true interest lies. Personal experience informs me that university students tend to have little knowledge of what the real world is like and what people in each job will do. At this case, if they are forced to make a choice about their future careers without the opportunity to get in touch with the real world, they may finally end up in a job that does not interest them and even bores them. In this sense, it would be best for college students to expose themselves to the world outside schools by taking part-time jobs. Only through this way can students develop a more comprehensive knowledge of what each job is mainly about and therefore make an informed choice about future career.

中文翻譯：通過兼職工作，學生可以更好地找出自己真正興趣所在。個人經驗告訴我，大學生往往對現實世界和從事各種工作的人每天都在做什麼所知甚少。在這種情況下，如果他們被迫直接選擇自己未來的職業而沒有機會接觸現實，他們可能最終選擇一個他們不感興趣的甚至讓他們厭煩的工作。在這個意義上，大學生最好做兼職，接觸學校以外的世界。只有這樣，他們纔會對每種不同的工作有更好的理解，對於未來的職業做出更明智的選擇。

我們再仔細觀察如下幾道題：

“Colleges and universities should offer job preparation before students start to work.”

“People should try different kinds of jobs before they decide their future careers”

“Students should spend a year on traveling or working before they go to colleges or universities.”

“Some universities require students to take courses in various subjects while others require students to specialize in one particular field. Which one do you prefer? ”

題目雖然不盡相同，但是做題目中那件事可以讓孩子們知道自己該做什麼職業或者該學什麼專業都可以作爲一個分論點，並且上一段文字也只需微調一下關鍵詞，即可照搬到新的題目中。

所以同學們在平常的積累中，一定要多思考，我們已經背過寫過的一些文章和思路是不是也可以跟上一段一樣，套用到很多貌似不相關的題目中，這樣才能事半功倍，四兩撥千斤。做最少的功，達到最好的效果。

Step 2 輸出

有了充足的輸入作爲前戲，我們就要開始輸出，即練習了。練習同樣是寫作提高中不可缺少的一環，光說不練永遠都是假把式。那怎麼練習?步驟如下：

1)限時30分鐘，無輔助，在text中寫第一遍。

2)把text中的原始版作文，拷貝到word裏，逐字逐句修改拼錯的單詞和語法，並美化每個句子。

3)找專業老師修改。

4)總結自己的常犯錯誤，建立自己的常犯錯誤列表。

以上四步，相輔相成缺一不可。

首先，一定要限時寫。這樣考生們才能知道自己在5分鐘，10分鐘，20分鐘，25分鐘時需要分別完成哪些內容才能保證他們能在30分鐘內順利寫完一篇文章。這樣，考生們才能從容應對將來真正的考試。練習如考試般嚴格，考試才能如練習般輕鬆。

而在text中完成是爲了降低同學們對於word強大單詞糾錯功能的依賴。真正的托福考試中，沒有軟件可以幫我們及時糾正拼錯的單詞，而單詞拼寫錯誤過多，很可能影響考官流暢的閱讀，導致低分。

第二，自己修改作文。千萬不要寫一篇扔一篇，那樣寫一百篇也只能停留在原來的水平。修改的過程纔是提高的過程，每一處的改動都是一種昇華，把一篇文章修改十遍，改到自己每句話都滿意，考生們纔會獲得實質性的提高。

第三，專業老師修改。學生的能力畢竟是有限的，所以他們需要一個老師去幫助他們發現一些漏網的語法錯誤和邏輯問題，力保每篇寫過的文章都是完美。

第四，總結纔有提高。犯錯在很多時候都不是源於考生不會或者不懂，而是源於一種習慣。怎麼改掉這些壞習慣，只能靠總結。總結的越多，印象就越深刻，下次纔不會重蹈覆轍。

託福獨立寫作範文：出國讀書

託福獨立寫作題目:出國讀書

Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home counties. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.

託福獨立寫作範文：

Studying in one’s home country offers unique benefits. For example, the home country provides best education in some subjects that other countries do not offer. However, it is important to study overseas for at least part of one’s higher education. By studying abroad, students can acquire a new language, get to know another culture, and pursue good programs.

The most obvious advantage of studying overseas is learning a new language. It is important to be bilingual or even multilingual nowadays. For example, international communication is essential for our global economy. For many students who choose to study in English-speaking countries, they can easily pick up English if they are actively engaged in speaking English. Even for those who have had a good grasp of English in reading and writing, they can still improve their spoken English after exposure to an English-speaking environment.

As important as learning a new language is becoming acquainted with a new culture. Cultures differ from one another and they are even diametrically opposite on some points. By studying overseas, students become familiar with other ways of life and learn to respect them. For example, to students from some cultures, privacy is a relatively new concept. The students may choose to tell their course grades to their classmates in the foreign country and ask them for similar information. In turn, they may feel disappointed or even shocked to receive no answer and be told that this is privacy. After a while, however, they have a better understanding of the concept of pervasive privacy in the foreign country.

Last but not least, we are able to undertake excellent programs in the foreign country where we choose to study. Some programs may not be available in the students’ home country. For example, a student who is interested in American literature may find that no university in his or her country offers this program. Other programs are available in the students’ home country but not on a par with similar programs in a foreign country. This can be illustrated by MBA programs of American universities. A number of counties offer MBA programs, but many think that American universities offer the best MBA programs. This accounts for the fact that the majority of MBA holders have obtained the degree from American universities.

Studying abroad can be rewarding. Not only can students acquire a new language and know more about a different culture, but they can pursue excellent programs as well. Indeed, studying in a foreign country is a worthwhile experience.

託福備考之獨立寫作題目練習

同不同意：Some people think that 最重要的品質 in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is 誠實.

Leaders of all kinds should have lots of qualities in order to thrive together with the team. Persistence, passion, confidence and personal charisma, to name a few. When it comes to question of whether honesty is the most important qualities of all for a leader in a student organization, I, personally, would say honesty is definitely not the most important even though it is a contributing factor for a qualified leader and there are other qualities that are more urgent than being honest.

First off, being a good listener and able to communicate well with fellow members can be more important than being honest. Only when a leader sits down and listens patiently to problems and concerns of his or her members, can he or she become an effective leader in a student organization. Also, being an effective communicator can also be equally important since it is essential to convey emotions and ideas clearly to others, and when the leader get his or her ideas across to the fellow members, it enjoys a better chance to be implemented. A leader with exceptional communication skills is very confidence and personable when they are interacting with others. Since they can grab the listeners' attention, it is very easy for them to build rapport with strangers and thus they enjoy better chance to broaden their social networks.

Additionally, it is more essential for leaders of student organizations to be compassionate about the community and set exemplars for their fellow members than just being honest. Actually, lots responsibilities of student leaders involve various volunteer programs and philanthropic activities, if leaders of students body are not committed to getting involved in charitable activities, there will be a lack of energy level and passion among his or her fellow members. To be more specific, students organizations involved in lots of volunteer activities, like collecting food, managing the inventory and distributing food to those in need. They also volunteer in homeless shelters to prepare food or even work behind the scene in the business office. If leaders are motivated to take the initiative and contribute their time and other resources to the community in the first place, chances are that his or her members would follow suit.

In all, students leaders should have more important qualities other than being honest like excellent communication skills, compassion about their community and dedication to their endeavors.