美圖帶你遊義大利(2):義大利美食
From renowned historical sites and rich culture, to award winning wines and mouth-watering cuisine, Italy has it all. Food is such an integral part of Italian culture and its influence has shaped cuisine around the world. Here is a look at 10 of the famous foods that originated in Italy.
悠久的歷史、厚重的文化、一流的美酒和讓人垂涎的美食....這一切都能在一個國家找到，那就是——義大利。其中義大利美食是義大利文化不可或缺的一部分，在全世界飲食文化中，義大利美食都佔有舉足輕重的地位。
1. Pizza
1：披薩
The modern day pizza's birthplace was Naples, Italy. The original and most popular variety is Margherita, which has only tomato, mozzarella, and basil. These colors represent the Italian flag colors and legend says this pizza was served to Queen Margherita of Savoy. Pizza was a peasant food, yet the Queen loved it and continued to enjoy it despite the backlash she received from others in the royal circle. The pizza was later named after her and is a popular pizza variety served around the world. If you have a chance to sample a Margherita pizza, Naples is definitely the place -- with tomatoes grown in the volcanic ash of nearby Pompeii, the taste is spectacular and unlike pizza I have tried anywhere else in Italy or around the world.
披薩的發源地是義大利的那不勒斯。最純正，也是最有名的披薩是瑪加列披薩，它的配料只有番茄醬、馬蘇裡拉乳酪和羅勒葉。這三個原料的顏色代表著義大利國旗的三個顏色。傳說義大利女皇瑪加列曾經要求品嚐這一款披薩，當時，披薩是底層的食物，女皇嚐了後卻很喜歡，不管皇族裡其他人的異議，經常吃披薩。後來這款披薩也就以瑪加列皇后的名字而命名了，慢慢地，瑪加列披薩成為了世界上最受歡迎的一款披薩。如果你有機會到義大利品嚐瑪加列披薩，那不勒斯絕對是最好的地方，那裡的西紅柿是龐培附近的火山灰里長出來的，味道極其特別，義大利別處的西紅柿醬絕對不能和這裡的媲美的。
2. Gelato
2.冰激凌
Gelato is Italy's version of ice cream. It contains many of the same ingredients as other frozen dairy desserts, but has a lower butterfat and sugar content. It is made and frozen in small batches versus the process of making most commercial ice creams in the United States. It lacks the amount of "air" seen in ice cream, giving it a more intense flavor. Another difference is how long it can keep -- gelato only stays fresh for a couple days.
義大利版本的冰激凌的配方和別處買到的的冰激凌配方大體相同，不同的是，義大利冰激凌含有更低的脂肪和糖。和冰激凌工業超級大國美國相比，義大利的冰激凌產量更小，冰激凌裡面的空氣更小，所以吃起來覺得奶味更濃郁。還有一點不同的就是，義大利冰淇淋的保鮮期很短，只有短短的幾天。
Gelato dates back to ancient Roman and Egyptian frozen desserts made from ice and snow. It later appeared in Florence and the Florentine cook, Bernardo Buontalenti, is the one who is credited with creating modern ice cream in 1565. Gelato itself did not become popular until the 1900's after the first mobile gelato cart was created.
義大利冰激凌的歷史可以追溯到古羅馬時期，當時，古埃及人將冰和雪製成甜點。這個技術很快傳到弗洛倫薩。弗洛倫薩的大廚Bernardo Buontalenti也因為在1565年開發了現代冰激凌而名聲大振。然而義大利式冰激凌直到1900年，隨著第一輛冰激凌車的問世才漸漸變得受歡迎。
3. Tiramisu
3.提拉米蘇
Tiramisu is a popular dessert found on nearly every Italian restaurant menu in the United States. It is made of biscuits soaked in coffee with layers of whipped mascarpone and egg yolks. It also contains cocoa and liquor flavors.
幾乎美國大小的餐館都有的里拉米蘇這道甜點。一道提拉米蘇裡面可以看到咖啡泡過的餅乾將打泡後的馬斯卡泊尼乳酪和蛋白分成許多層，還能品嚐到可可和酒的味道。
There is quite a bit of debate as to where and when Tiramisu originated, but it comes from Italy. Many people believe it is more of a recent creation (early 1980s), while others believe it was earlier. There is also debate as to where in Italy it originated as well. Thankfully, everyone can agree this is one of the best desserts to come out of Italy!
關於提拉米蘇的誕生地和誕生的時間是有爭議的。但是提拉米蘇的的確確發源於義大利。一些人認為提拉米蘇的誕生時間應該是80年代，但一些人卻認為提拉米蘇的誕生應該比80年代更早。關於特拉米蘇最早是在義大利的那個地區誕生的也說法不一。然而，謝天謝地，大家都一致認為提拉米蘇絕對是義大利最好吃的甜點之一。
4. Risotto
4.義大利調味飯
Risotto originated in the Piedmont region of northern Italy. Risotto dishes are made with short-grain rice and include a broth that creates a creamy final product. Producing a good risotto is not often that easy and an improperly cooked one can resemble a crunchy rice soup.
義大利調味飯起源於義大利北部的皮埃蒙特地區。義大利調味飯的主要原料是粘性好的短米，再加以肉湯烹製，最後就出爐一份好吃的義大利調味飯。這個是個技術活，如果做不好，吃起來就像米湯和生米的混合體。
5. Mortadella
5.義大利腸
Mortadella originated in Bologna and is a large sausage made from finely ground pork sausage that is heat-cured. It also has small cubes of pork fat incorporated in it. Mortadella is spiced and sold in a variety of ways -- popular varieties include olives, pistachios, pepper, and jalapenos. When you are shopping in the local markets or delis in Italy, be sure to pick some up as the taste is incredible.
義大利腸的發源地是義大利博洛里亞。製作義大利腸的祕密就是必須選用上等的豬絞肉，再加上小小的肥肉丁。當然義大利腸的作料可以有很多，比較常見的有橄欖、開心果、胡椒、墨西哥黑胡椒等原料。如果你在義大利本地市場上，或是熟食店，一定不要忘了買點嘗一嘗，味道好極了。
6. Spumoni
6.義大利冰激凌甜點
Spumoni is a molded Italian ice cream dessert. It has different layers of color and flavor and contains nuts and candied fruits. Spumoni is believed to have originated in Naples, Italy. Traditional spumoni is often hard to find in some restaurants outside of Italy, but you can often get spumoni ice cream at your local grocery store. While not quite the same, at least it is something to satiate the craving until your next trip to Italy!
Spumoni是義大利現代冰激凌甜點。Spumoni有不同顏色分成的很多層次，裡面有各種堅果和果脯。Spumoni的發源地是那不勒斯。一般來講，Spumoni只在義大利的飯館有售。也許你可以在你居住地商場找到，不過味道與義大利的Spumoni是不能比的。這樣可以也好，至少會讓你去義大利的願望更強烈。
7. Mozzarella
7. 馬蘇裡拉乳酪
Not surprisingly, this versatile and gourmet cheese came from Italy. Good mozzarella is the key to many Italian dishes and of course the Caprese salad. Mozzarella is actually the term for several different kinds of cheese made by spinning and cutting. These include:
馬蘇裡拉乳酪來自盛產美食的義大利一點都不讓人吃驚。上等的馬蘇裡拉乳酪是製作很多義大利菜品的重要原料，也是義大利番茄沙拉的主要原料之一。馬蘇裡拉乳酪因為加工和切割方式的不同，可以有很多不同的產品。這些產品包括：
- Mozzarella di Bufala (buffalo mozzarella) - made from water buffalo milk
—水牛奶馬蘇裡拉，用水牛奶製成
- Mozzarella fior di latte - made from fresh cow's milk (may or may not be pasteurized)
—鮮奶製成（可以是殺過菌的或是沒有殺過菌的）
- Low-moisture Mozzarella - made from whole or part skim milk
—馬蘇裡拉乾酪—全脂奶或半脫脂奶製成。
- Smoked Mozzarella
—煙燻馬蘇裡拉乳酪
8. Cannoli
8. 奶油甜餡煎捲餅
This is one of my personal favorites -- cannoli from Sicily. If you have never seen one, they are small pastry tubes filled with a sweet, creamy cheese filling. Many places in the United States will serve them with chocolate chips inside and a light dusting of powdered sugar on top.
這是所有義大利美食中，我個人最喜愛的一款。奶油甜餡煎捲餅的誕生地市西西里島。奶油甜餡煎捲餅是由一張小小的有面皮包裹著甜甜的，稠稠的乳酪。在美國的一些地方，裡面會有巧克力薯條，還會有些糖霜散在面上。
Cannoli originated in the Palermo region of Sicily and were traditionally prepared during Carnevale, eventually becoming a regular part of Italian cuisine and eventually found worldwide. Cities with "Little Italy" districts are great places to pick up authentic cannoli when you can't get back to Italy quick enough!
奶油甜餡煎捲餅的發源地是西西里島的首府巴勒莫，是狂歡節的節慶食物，但慢慢被全義大利乃至全世界的人們所喜愛。如果你還沒有機會很快去義大利旅遊，在很多城市都的“小義大利街”上，你也可以品嚐到正宗的義大利奶油甜餡煎捲餅。
9. Spaghetti
9. 義大利麵
Despite what many think, pasta did not originate in Italy. The Chinese have the hold on the first known pastas, however, Italy did invent the ever popular pasta we call spaghetti. It is believed to have originated in Southern Italy, back in the 12th century. It wasn't until the 19th century when commercial pasta factories came on the scene, enabling Italy to mass produce spaghetti and other pastas.
儘管很多人都認為麵條的起源地並不是義大利，中國人有更長的做麵條的歷史。然而，義大利人確實發明了眾人皆知的義大利式麵條。義大利麵條的發源地是義大利南部，最早的歷史可以追溯到公元12世紀。然而直到19世紀，當意大利麵條商業化後，義大利才開始大量生產義大利麵條。
10. Parmigiano-Reggiano
10. 帕梅森乾酪
Another cheese that we have Italy, Fresh Parmigiano-Reggiano has an unmistakable taste that is essential in many Italian dishes and pairs extraordinarily well with numerous red wines. If you are traveling through these regions in Italy, be sure to check for any festivals where you can sample some of the local production Parmigiano-Reggiano cheeses! Trust me, you will never want to buy the cheese from supermarket again.
義大利的另一種有名的乳酪——帕梅森乾酪。帕梅森乾酪是很多義大利菜品中不可替代的原料，食用時如果在配上紅酒嗎，那就是絕對的美味啊。如果你在義大利旅行時途徑那些盛產帕梅森乾酪的地區，打聽一下，有沒有什麼美食節讓你品嚐到正宗的帕梅森乾酪。相信我，你吃了以後就再也不想買那些超市裡買的乳酪了。
