僱主們重視的時間管理技能有哪些？附實例說明

What are time management skills and why are they important to employers? Time management means working efficiently, and employers in every industry look for staff who can make optimal use of the time available to them on the job.  Saving time saves the organization money and increases revenue.

時間管理技能有哪些？僱主們爲什麼如此重視時間管理技能？時間管理意味着有效率地工作，並且任何行業的僱主們都喜歡那些懂得充分利用可支配時間的員工。節省時間意味着節省機構的金錢，增加收益。

Why Employers Want strong Time Management Skills

僱主們爲何重視強大的時間管理技能

Employees who manage their time well are more productive, more efficient, and more likely to meet deadlines.

能夠有效管理個人時間的員工常常更具創造力，工作效率更高，更能在截止時間前完成任務。

They focus on the most important and time sensitive tasks and limit the amount of time wasted on non-essential duties.

他們會專注於重要的以及時間需求性強的任務，並且限制浪費在無關要緊任務上的時間。

Effective time management requires staff to analyze their workload, assign priorities, and maintain focus on productive endeavors.  Employees who are excellent time managers can eliminate distractions and enlist support from colleagues to help accomplish their goals.

有效的時間管理意味着員工懂得分析他們的工作量，分配優先任務，然後對富有成效的任務保持專注力。如果員工是出色的時間管理員，他們就能排除干擾，並獲得同事支持從而實現目標。

During a Job Interview

面試期間

Time management skills, like other soft skills, are in demand. Interviewers will be asking questions to assess your ability to manage your time, and the time of your team if you’re in a supervisory role.

時間管理技能，正如其他的軟技能，都是僱主們急需的。面試官們可能會提出問題去考察你的時間管理能力，以及如果你充當管理者角色的時候，你的團隊的時間管理能力。

Review these time management interview questions prior to your job interviews, so you’re prepared to respond with specific examples of how you effectively manage your workload.

在參與面試前，回顧下面這些時間管理相關的面試問題，你就能做好準備，回答面試官你是如何具體地有效管理你的工作量。

Also, review these time management skills for ideas of what to share with prospective employers.

再者，回顧這些時間管理技能，從而得到與潛在僱主分享的新見解。

Top Time Management Skills

備受重視的時間管理技能

1. Prioritizing

1. 安排事件的輕重緩急能力

It is usually impossible to do every single that you need and want to do all at once, but if you prioritize well, you should be able to complete the most important tasks in an order that makes sense.

一般人們都無法同時處理自己所需和所想的事情，但如果你安排得當，你就能夠按照合理的順序去完成最重要的那些任務。

When assigning priority, consider such factors as when each task needs to be done, how long it might take, how important it might be to others in the organization, what could happen if a task is not done, and whether any task might be interrupted by the need to wait for someone else.

當你安排優先處理事項的時候，要考慮這些因素：何時完成任務，完成任務所需時長，這項任務在公司裏對其他人的重要性，如果無法完成會有什麼後果，以及是否因爲需要等待別人而阻礙任務的進程。

2. Scheduling

2. 日程安排

Scheduling is important, and not only because some tasks have to be done at specific times.

日程安排很重要，不僅僅因爲某些任務需要在某些特定的時間內完成。

Scheduling affects your day, your week, your month, as well as other people, their projects, and their short and long term plans for projects and tasks. Most people also have specific times of the day when they are more and less energetic, and become more productive when they schedule themselves accordingly. Schedules can be a good way to avoid procrastination, too.

日程安排會影響你的工作日，工作周，工作月，還會影響到其他人，以及他們的項目工程，他們的短期和長期項目和任務計劃。大多數人在自己有精力更好或稍差的時候也會有每日的具體時間安排，並且能夠根據日程安排表現得更具創造力。日常安排同時也是一個很好的避免拖延症的方法。

3. Keeping a To-Do List

3. 養成寫待辦事件清單的習慣

To-do lists (properly prioritized and integrated with your schedule) are a great way to avoid forgetting something important. They are also a great way to avoid spending all day thinking about everything you have to do. Remembering tasks takes energy, and thinking about everything you have to do all week can be exhausting and overwhelming. Split all the necessary tasks up into a list for each day, and you won’t have to worry about any of it anymore. Just look at today’s list.

待辦事項清單（恰如其分地優先安排事務並與日常行程相適應），能夠有效防止落下重要的事情，同時也能有效地避免因爲思考該做的事情而浪費時間。整天記着任務會消耗你的能力，思考每週必辦事項會讓人筋疲力盡且壓力巨大。如果你把所有的重要任務拆分成每天完成的任務，你就不需要再擔心了，只需要看看清單即可。

4. Resting

4. 學會休息

Resting, even though it may seem contradictory, is an important time-management skill. Although working long hours or skipping breaks can sometimes improve productivity in the short-term, your exhaustion later will ensure that your average productivity actually drops. Except for rare emergencies, it is important to resist the temptation to over-work.

休息，即使看起來很矛盾，但是也是重要的時間管理技能。儘管長時間工作或跳過休息時間有時候能夠在短期內提高工作效率，但是你之後的疲憊將會保證平均工作效率的大幅下降。除非是僅有的突發事件，否則你要學會打消過度工作的念頭。

Include necessary breaks, and a sensible quitting time, in your schedule.

把必要的小憩和合理的休息時間安排到你的日常行程當中吧。

5. Delegation

5. 委託他人

Depending on what type of work you do, you may be able to delegate some tasks. Knowing what to delegate and when is a skill. Some people resist delegating, either because they want to maintain control or because they want to save money by not hiring assistants. Both approaches ultimately hurt productivity and raise costs.

取決於你的工作種類，你可能需要委託他人一些任務。懂得委託的內容以及委託他人的時機也是一項技能。有些人拒絕委託他人，要麼因爲他們想要保持主導權，要麼因爲他們想要節省僱用助理的費用。兩種舉措最終都會損害工作效率，提高成本。

Remember too, however, that if you practice time management diligently and still can’t get everything done, you may be trying to do too much. It is better to succeed at a few tasks than to attempt and then fail at many.

然而，還要記住，如果你勤奮地鍛鍊自己的時間管理技能，但仍然無法完成任務，你可能鍛鍊過頭了。更好的狀態在於在少量任務上成功，而不是追求大量任務的成功然後失敗了。

Examples of Time Management Skills in the Workplace

職場所需的時間管理技能例子

A - E

字母A -E開頭的技能

Adapting plans to changing circumstances

根據情況變化調整計劃

Allocating time for specific tasks

爲特定的任務分配時間

Analyzing processes and selecting the simplest way to accomplish a task

分析任務進程並選擇最簡易的方法去完成任務

Asking for help when overwhelmed with demands

當任務需求過大的時候尋求幫助

Assertiveness to say no to inappropriate demands that distract from central duties

自信地拒絕那些干擾核心任務的不恰當要求

Attacking more complex tasks when you have the highest energy and sharpest concentrations

在精力最旺盛、注意力最集中的時候拿下更多複雜的任務

Auditing how time is spent

審計時間成本

Avoiding excessive small talk with co-workers

避免過多與同事閒聊

Avoiding procrastination; acting instead of worrying

避免拖延症；擔心還不如行動

Breaking broader goals into smaller parts and focusing on one step at a time

把大目標拆分成小目標然後一次專注一個

Breaking up projects into manageable parts

把項目拆分成各個便於管理的部分

Creating daily, weekly and monthly “to do” lists

創建每天、每週和每月的代辦事務清單

Creating schedules

創建日常行程列表

Delegating more routine tasks to lower level staff

把更多的常規任務分配給下屬員工

Eating well to maintain energy

合理飲食，保持能量

Eliminating time wasters

減少浪費時間的活動

Exercising and participating in other stress reducing activities during leisure time to maximize energy when at work

閒暇時間鍛鍊並參與其他減壓活動，從而達到工作精力最大化

F - Z

字母F -Z開頭的技能

Facilitating efficient meetings; sticking with time frames for meetings

促進會議有效地進行；堅守會議的時間限制框架

Grouping similar tasks together to limit transition time

把小任務集中起來限制過渡時間

Maintaining an organized work area

保持工作環境井然有序

Multitasking; shifting smoothly from one task to another

同時處理多項任務；從一項任務順利轉移到另一項任務

Openness to more efficient ways of doing things

對更有效的處事方法保持開放的態度

Organizing digital files for easy retrieval

組織電子文檔以便快速提取

Planning your day the night before or first thing in the morning

前一天晚上或者早上首先做好一天的計劃

Prioritizing requests and demands

優先安排需求

Prioritizing a list of projects and focusing on higher value tasks with more immediate deadlines

優先安排一份項目清單並且注重更有價值、截止時間更短的任務

Punctuality

守時

Putting cell phones aside to eliminate the distraction of  personal messages unless required for work

把手機放到一旁減少個人信息帶來的干擾（工作所需的除外）

Reviewing performance and eliminating deviations from priorities

考覈績效，消除偏離優先項目的部分

Setting daily, weekly and monthly goals

設置每日，每週及每月的目標

Setting realistic standards for quality and avoiding perfectionism

設定現實評估質量的標準，避免完美主義

Setting specific times for responding to email

設定回覆郵件的具體時間段

Taking short breaks to restore energy

多作短暫休息，恢復精力

Touching each piece of paper or reading each email just once, whenever feasible

每一份文件或每一封電子郵件只查看一遍，在任何可行的時候

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創內容，轉載請註明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。