託福常考知識點解析：寫作中冠詞的用法

託福寫作中，絕不是詞彙就可以一統天下的，語法問題也是高分必需要攻克的一道難關，想要寫出邏輯清晰，遣詞造句正確豐滿的高質量託福作文，託福寫作語法不可忽視。我們就從小小的冠詞開始吧。

　　一 基本規律 (Basic rules)

1. Definite article (定冠詞)

我們用 " the " 當我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個：

* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的)

The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one)

I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case)

* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過)

The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single.

* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來的短語詳細說明)

What is the new student's name?

2. No articles (無冠詞)

我們不用冠詞當我們普遍地提及事物的時候：

* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用複數或不可數名詞時)

Do you like sport?

* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時候不用冠詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹)

He is Professor Jones

3. Indefinite article (不定冠詞)

我們用 "a , an " 當我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個：

* is one of many. ( 是許多箇中的一個)

He is an artist.(=there are many artists)

* is not unique. (不是唯一的)

I have just bought a book

* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒有提到過)

There was a new student in class today.

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語)

有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應該來單獨學習，他們包括：

a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed

go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week

sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day

the same

　　二 經常發生問題的區域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作)

如果有許多人做這個工作我們用 a 或 an.：

My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects)

但是如果一個工作特別對應一個人，我們就要用“the”了：

He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高級)

我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級前面：

She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next

有一些形容詞如 “last” 和 “next ”同時可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會發生變化

I saw James last night. (=the one before this one)

It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one)

I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital

和以上機構連用時我們不用定冠詞“the”

My sister had to stay in hospital overnight.

然而，如果我們指的是這個建築，我們就要用“the”

Our flat is opposite the hospital.