2020年12月四六級翻譯預測（9）
大家好，四六級考試臨近，本小編（ID：hujiangcet）爲了幫助廣大考生過級，特開闢新欄目，考前每天一篇翻譯練習（選取最有可能考的翻譯題材、段落），供大家日常練習用。
聲明：押題只是練習翻譯手感，積累話題詞彙，練習常考句式結構，切勿迷信。
一、乒乓球
乒乓球在中國是一項頗受歡迎和推崇的運動。長期以來，它的確是中國唯一的運動，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球於一身，但卻更受歡迎。
任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個球、一張桌子和一張網而已，這些都易於臨時拼湊。
人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時間時打兵兵球。在中國的學校、工廠甚至某些公司裏，都能找到乒兵球桌。
參考翻譯
Table tennis is a sport that gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball, and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.
Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.
People can play it when taking a break or killing time. You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories, or even some companies all over China.
難點點撥
1.乒乓球在中國是一項頗受歡迎和推崇的運動：“頗受歡迎和推崇”可譯爲 which引導的定語從句，用 gain much popularity and praise 表達。
2.長期以來，它的確是中國唯一的運動，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球於一身，但卻更受歡迎：“集…於一身”是固定短語，可譯爲set...all rolled into one。
3.所需的只是一副拍子、一個球、一張桌子和一張網而已，這些都易於臨時拼湊:整句可譯爲主系表結構。“所需的”可翻譯爲all required，翻譯表語“一副拍子、一個球、一張桌子和一張網”時需要注意，球和球拍通常放在一起，桌子和桌網則是一對，“一副拍子”可譯爲a pair of paddles，故表語部分可譯爲a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net。需要注意像這種“一副；一條”等整體名詞，必須用複數，如a pair of glasses (一副眼鏡），a pair of trousers(一條褲子)等。
4.這些都易於臨時拼湊:可譯爲which引導的定語從句，即which are easy to be improvised；improvise意爲“臨時湊合；即興表演”，因此無需增加temporarily (臨時地)。
2. 原文
提到中國體育不能不說乒乓球。乒乓球爲中國贏得了無數個世界冠軍(championship)，給國人帶來無窮的喜悅與自豪感。
此外，乒乓球一直是中國人最喜愛的運動之一。無論在學校、社區(residential areas)，還是公園、廣場，都可以看到乒乓球和人們揮拍的身影。
上至花甲老人，下至年幼孩童都可以揮上幾拍，這也是乒乓球被稱爲中國國球的另一原因。
參考翻譯
When it comes to China sports, we cannot avoid mentioning table tennis. This sport has helped China win countless world championships, bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride.
In addition, table tennis has always been one of the favorite sports of the Chinese people. You will see table tennis and its players everywhere, no matter in schools, residential areas, parks, or squares.
Both elder people and children are able to play it more or less. This is another reason why it is called the "Chinese National Ball"。
難點點撥
1. 第1句“提到中國體育不能不說乒乓球”可套用句型When…we cannot avoid mentioning sth.來表達“當……時不能不說……”的意思。該句中“提到”和“說”意義相近，翻譯時應避免用詞重複。“提到”用短語when it comes to來表達，也可通俗地說成when we talk about…。
2. 第2句中“贏得了……”和“帶來……”爲並列結構，翻譯時，可將其直譯爲and連接的並列結構，也可將後半句譯成現在分詞短語bringing Chinese people a lot of happiness and a sense of pride，作伴隨狀語。
3. 第4句中的“都可以看到乒乓球和人們揮拍的身影”這個句子中，主語因約定俗成而省略，這種“無主語句”在漢語中頻頻出現，翻譯成英文時往往要根據主語的重要性進行相應補全或譯成無主語的被動句，此處宜將主語you補充出來。該句中“揮拍的身影”省譯更符合英語表達習慣，只需譯出“看到乒乓球和人們”即可。
4. 最後一句中的“花甲老人”和“年幼孩童”分別用elder people和children來表達即可，不必譯出“花甲”、“年幼”二詞。在處理一些爲了行文需要而存在的中文表達時，應採取“減詞”的翻譯策略，否則譯文反而顯得累贅或違背英語表達習慣。
二、蹴鞠
原文
蹴鞠是中國古代的一項球類運動，很可能產生於先秦時期。競技性蹴鞠運動主要用於士兵的體能訓練，而其他方式的蹴鞠運動則是流行於民間的娛樂方式。
蹴鞠在漢朝時已非常流行，在唐宋時期達到頂峯，並發展出多種玩法。
然而到了明代，蹴鞠在軍隊中被禁止，因爲皇上認爲沉溺於蹴鞠運動會破壞軍人士氣。
儘管如此，該禁令並未改變蹴鞠的娛樂性質，這項運動仍然在民間流行。清代中葉以後，隨着現代足球的傳入，中國傳統的蹴鞠運動被現代足球取代。
2004年，國際足聯確認足球的最早形式是蹴鞠。2006年，蹴鞠經國務院批准列入國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。
參考翻譯
Cujuis a ball game in ancient China that probably came into existence during the pre-Qin period. The competitive form of cuju mainly served as fitness training for soldiers, while other forms were prevalent among the commoners for entertainment.
In the Han Dynasty, the sport of cuju became very popular. During the Tang and Song dynasties, cuju reached its zenith and evolved into several different ways to play.
However, cuju was banned in the army during the Ming Dynasty, as the emperors worried excessive indulgence in the game would corrupt the morale of the soldiers.
But the ban didn’t change the recreational nature of the sport, which was still popular among the people. With the introduction of modern football after the Mid-Qing Dynasty, the traditional Chinese cuju game was replaced by its modern counterpart.
Cuju was recognized by FIFA in 2004 as the earliest form of football. In 2006, cuju was added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List by the State Council.
難點點撥
1 “蹴鞠運動”在本句中出現兩次，因結構一致，第二處“蹴鞠運動”在翻譯時可以省略。另外，句中的“流行”譯成了prevalent，以體現用詞的變化。
2 這裏將“這項運動仍然在民間流行”翻譯成了非限定性定語從句，和原句中的功能相當。當然，也可以翻譯爲獨立的單句The game was still popular among the people。
3句中的“現代足球”與中國古代的蹴鞠屬於同類運動，將“被現代足球取代”譯爲replaced by its modern counterpart十分貼切。當然，也可翻譯爲replaced by modern football。
三、武術
原文
中華武術又稱功夫，是中國傳統文化的重要組成部分。作爲一項寶貴的文化遺產，中華武術源遠流長，在民間的影響根深蒂固。
武術起源於中國古代人民防身、捕獵和軍事訓練的需要。如今，人們習武則是出於防身、競技、娛樂，以及增進身心健康等目的。
隨着國際文化交流的加深，中華武術越來越受到外國人的喜愛。有不少外國人到中國學習中國功夫。
近年來，中國拍攝了一系列武俠電影，擴大了中華武術的影響，對中華武術走向世界起到了推動作用。武術已成爲傳播中國文化的重要途徑之一。
參考翻譯
Chinese martial arts, also known as kung fu, are an important part of traditional Chinese culture. As a precious cultural heritage, Chinese martial arts boast a long history and exert a deep-rooted influence among the people.
Martial arts stemmed from the need for self-defense, hunting, and military training in ancient China. At present, people practice martial arts for a variety of purposes: self-defense, competition, entertainment, as well as mental and physical health.
With the increasing international cultural exchanges, Chinese martial arts are getting more and more popular with foreigners. Many foreigners come to China to learn Chinese kung fu.
In recent years, China made a series of martial arts films, which have extended the influence of Chinese martial arts and helped it advance to the world. Chinese martial arts have become one of the important ways to spread Chinese culture.
難點點撥
1. “功夫”一詞已被收入英語詞典，因此不宜用拼音翻譯。
2. 句中“源遠流長”指的是歷史悠久，因此翻譯爲boast a long history。“影響根深蒂固”是主謂結構，在翻譯時轉譯爲adeep-rooted influence，更符合英語表達習慣。
3. 本句的重點信息是“中國拍攝了一系列武俠電影”，後面的“擴大了中華武術的影響，對中華武術走向世界起到了推動作用”是對這些電影的進一步說明。從英語行文的結構上來看，將後面的內容翻譯爲定語從句十分合適。
四、故宮
原文
故宮，又名紫禁城，爲明清共二十四位皇帝統治中國近500年的皇宮。
它位於北京市中心，在天安門廣場的北側，形狀爲長方形。南北長960米，東西寬 750米，佔地72公頃，總建築面積達15萬平方米。
故宮是世界上現存規模最大、最完整的古代木構宮殿。
它分爲外朝和內廷兩部分，外朝是皇帝上朝處理國家大事的地方，內廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。
1987年，故宮被聯合國教科文組織列入世界文化遺產。
參考翻譯
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years.
The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern side of Tian’anmen Square, rectangular in shape, 960 meters from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of 72 hectares and a total floor space of 150 000 square meters.
It’s the world’s largest and most integral palace made of wood in existence.
The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.
The outer court was the place where the emperors gave audience and handled state affairs, while the inner court was the living quarters for the emperors and their families.
In 1987 the Imperial Palace was listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites.
翻譯詞彙
故宮 the Imperial Palace
紫禁城 the Forbidden City
天安門廣場 Tian’anmen Square
長方形 rectangular
建築面積 floor space
現存 in existence
上朝 give audience
處理 handle
世界文化遺產 World Cultural Heritage
五、頤和園
原文
頤和園(the Summer Palace)位於北京市西北部的海淀區，距北京市中心15公里。
它是中國最大、保存最完好的皇家園林。
頤和園有著名的自然風景和人文景觀(cultural landscape),因此它也一直被公認爲是“皇家園林博物館”。
顧和園始建於1750年，作爲一座豪華的皇家花園供皇室成員休息和娛樂。
清朝末期，頤和園成爲了皇家成員的主要居住地。
它位列世界遺產(the World Heritage Sites)目錄，也是中國第一批國家5A級旅遊景區之一。
參考翻譯
The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District, northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.
It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.
It also has long been recognized as “the Museum of Royal gardens” with famous natural view and cultural landscape.
The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.
It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.
It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.
詞句點撥
1.它也一直被公認爲是“皇家園林博物館”:該句的主語是it，謂語是be recognized。其中recognize意爲“確認，承認”，be recognized as意爲被公認爲。
2.頤和園始建於1750年，作爲一座豪華的皇家花園供皇室成員休息和娛樂:該句看似複雜，其實也可以翻譯爲一個簡單句。其中the Summer Palace作主語，但爲了避免和上面重複，可以用the construction代替。謂語是start，意爲“開始”，其他部分可作爲狀語來翻譯。
3.它位列世界遺產目錄，也是中國第一批國家5A級旅遊景區之一:該句可以譯爲固定搭配not only...but also…連接的兩個並列句。其中“位列世界遺產目錄”可譯爲ranked amongst the World Heritage Sites,amongst可等同於among。
六、長城
原文
長城被稱爲中國的奇蹟，擁有兩千多年的歷史。
從空中俯瞰，它像一條長龍，從西向東蜿蜒前行，總長約6700公里。
從春秋戰國時期(the Spring and Autumn PeriodandWarring States Period)起，各諸侯國開始修建城牆以保護邊境。
秦朝建立以後，秦始皇把這些城牆連接起來，成爲長城。
然而，當時的長城大都已經在戰爭中損毀，而現存的長城主要是明朝時修建的。
長城最初是爲了抵抗來自北方的侵略，如今已成爲旅遊勝地，吸引了來自世界各地的遊客。
有句諺語：“不到長城非好漢”，足以見證長城的雄偉壯觀(grandeur)。
參考翻譯
The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2,000 years, was regarded as a wonder of China.
From a bird's-eye view, it is just like a dragon winding itself from west to east, stretching forapproximately6,700 kilometers.
Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the walls had been put up to defend the borders by the kingdoms.
After the founding of Qin Dynasty，Qin ShiHuang had all the walls joined together to make "The Great Wall”.
While most of the walls were ruined in wars, the majority of the Great Wall we see today was mainly built during Ming Dynasty.
The Great Wall, originally built to resist the invasion from the North, now has become a well-known place of interest, attracting tourists from all over the world.
As a saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man"，which is evidence of its grandeur.
詞句點撥
1.第二句中的“從西向東蜿蜓前行，總長約6700公里”，描述的主語都是“它”—長城，故用現在分詞短語winding...stretching...作狀語，對長城做進一步說明;“總長”可在stretch for後面直接用數字表示。
2.第三句中的“各諸侯國開始修建城牆以保護邊境”可譯爲主動態the kingdoms had built the walls to defend theirborders，也可用the walls作主語，使用被動態來表達。
3.例數第二句中的“長城成爲旅遊勝地”可翻譯爲英文句的主幹，“吸引了來自各界各地的遊客”，用現在分詞短語attracting...表伴隨狀況“最初是爲了…”處理爲過去分詞originallybuilt to...作目的狀語。
4.最後一句話中，“有句諺語”可使用as a saying goes這一句型;“足以見…”是對諺語的補充說明，可使用which引導的非限制性定語從句。
