AI的藝術創作能與人類媲美嗎?
Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci ... the art world has never lacked talent. And now, a new painter is ready to join the list, although this one isn’t even human.
莫奈、畢加索、達·芬奇……藝術界從來不缺人才。而如今，一名新畫家即將加入這一行列，儘管這位畫家甚至並非人類。Next month, auction house Christie’s Prints and Multiples will make history by offering the first piece of art created by artificial intelligence for sale. The painting is a portrait of a man called Edmond De Belamy, and is expected to be sold for up to $10,000 (69,000 yuan).
佳士得拍賣行的“Prints and Multiples”拍賣活動將於下月創造歷史，出售首幅由人工智能（AI）創作的畫作。該畫作是一位名爲愛德蒙·貝拉米的男子的肖像畫，估價高達1萬美元（約合69000元人民幣）。The work, which features a man with a mysterious look on his face, was created by software developed by the French art group Obvious. Laugero-Lasserre, an art collector from France, called the work “grotesque and amazing at the same time”. This isn’t the first example of AI-produced artwork, as AI has already been used to write poems and compose songs. However, many people doubt whether it should be called art at all.
畫中男子的朦朧神態由法國藝術團體Obvious 所開發的軟件創作而成。來自法國的藝術收藏家Laugero-Lasserre 稱這幅畫作“怪誕卻又奇妙”。這並非AI創作的首個藝術作品，先前AI已經被用於作詩作曲。然而，不少人都質疑這些作品是否應該被稱爲藝術。
According to Russian writer Leo Tolstroy (1828-1910), art is about creating emotion. It’s “a means of … joining people together in the same feelings”, he once said.
俄羅斯作家列夫·托爾斯泰認爲，藝術在於創造情感，是“一種將擁有相同感受的人們聚集在一起的方式，”他曾如此說道。So, if the emotion behind art is what makes it, the ability to create and use tools is what makes human beings different from other species. And as a tool itself, the AI technology used to create the portrait is the result of a lot of effort made by several designers. Together, they “fed” the AI a huge collection of paintings from the 14th to the 18th centuries, until it was able to work out how to make similar paintings of its own.
因此，如果是藝術背後的情感創造了藝術，那麼創造並使用工具的才能正是人類有別於其他物種之處。而作爲一種工具，用於創造這一肖像畫的AI技術是多位設計師花費大量努力製造出的成果。他們共同在AI系統中輸入了大量14-18世紀的畫作，最終令其能夠自主畫出類似的畫作。The introduction of AI art could be the beginning of a new artistic movement. However, not everyone is ready to welcome these high-tech artists just yet.
AI藝術的引進或許會成爲一場全新藝術運動的開端。然而，現在並非所有人都能接受這些高科技藝術家。“The human mind is what’s behind the AI technology. And the human mind is not a cold, hard fact,” Oscar Schwartz, a professor of AI, said during a TedX Sydney speech. “Rather, it is something that’s created with our opinions and something that changes over time.”
“AI技術的背後是人類的頭腦。但人類的頭腦並非由冷冰冰的客觀事實組成，”AI教授奧斯卡·施瓦辛在一場TedX Sydney的演講中說道。“而是由我們的觀點以及會隨着時間流逝而發生變化的事物所組成。”
