十大傑出藝術作品不爲人知的另一面(下)

Vinci's Hidden Music

5.達芬奇的音樂密碼

In 2007, Giovanni Maria Pala, an Italian computer technician and musician, stated that he had uncovered musical notes in Da Vinci's famous painting The Last Supper. According to Pala, if one draws the five lines of the musical staff across the painting; the hands of Jesus Christ, the hands of his apostles, and the loaves of bread on the table would depict a musical note which would make sense when read from right to left.

2007年，喬萬尼·瑪利亞·帕拉，一位意大利計算機工程師和音樂家，聲稱他已找到了達芬奇那幅著名畫作《最後的晚餐》的音符。據帕拉說，如果在畫裏畫上五條樂譜，那麼，耶穌的手、使徒們的手、和桌上的幾片面包就能勾勒出一個從右往左讀時有意義的樂譜。

Da Vinci was known to be a music enthusiast who incorporated musical riddles in his writings which must be read from right to left. Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a dedicated Da Vinci museum in Tuscany believed Pala's proposition is "plausible." Vezzosi also stated that Da Vinci played the lyre and sketched several musical instruments."There's always a risk of seeing something that is not there, but it's certain that the spaces (in the painting) are divided harmonically," he said. "Where you have harmonic proportions, you can find music."

人們知道達芬奇是個音樂愛好者，他在作品中寫入了從右往左讀的音樂密碼。位於托斯卡納的達芬奇博物館館長韋佐西認爲，帕拉的觀點是"可信的"。他還談到，達芬奇會彈里爾琴，並素描過幾種樂器。"看到並不存在的東西通常是有風險的，但（畫作裏的）空間的確是協調分割的"，他說，"哪裏有協調的比例，哪裏就能發現音樂。"

Golden Gate Bridge Color Crisis

4.金門大橋的顏色危機

The Golden Gate Bridge holds the record as the most photographed bridge in the world. Interestingly, the US Navy never wanted the bridge to be built because they feared that if the bridge was bombed and destroyed, it would trap their ships docked in the San Francisco Bay. The Navy later gave their consent to the construction of the bridge. However, they did not like the color that the bridge was going to be painted. They, along with the Army, wanted the bridge to be painted in black and yellow stripes so that it would be visible in the fog.

金門大橋保持着世界上最上鏡的記錄。有趣的是，美國海軍從不願建這座橋，因爲他們擔心，如果橋被炸燬，將使他們的船卡在舊金山灣的碼頭。後來，海軍對於橋的修建意見達成了一致。然而，他們不喜歡將要給橋粉刷的顏色。他們聯合軍隊，希望橋被粉刷成在霧中也能見的黑黃色的線條。

However, the bridge's architect, Irving Morrow, had a different plan. When the steel to be used for the bridge arrived in San Francisco, it was already painted with a base coat to prepare the steel for more paint. Back then, most bridges were coated in grey, brown, and black, but Morrow had it painted in "international orange," similar to the color of the base coat. Not only is international orange visible in fogs, it also complements and contrasts with the blues of the sky and the bay.

然而，橋的建造師歐文·莫洛另有想法。當建橋用的鋼運抵舊金山時，爲了進一步粉刷已經被塗了一層底漆。那時，大多橋樑都被粉刷爲灰色、棕色和黑色，但莫洛將這座橋塗成了與底漆類似的"國際標準橘色"，不僅在霧中可見，它還與天空和海灣形成對比而更具魅力。

Madame X Scandal

3.X夫人的醜聞

The Portrait of Madame X is a prominent painting by a young American immigrant and celebrity named John Singer Sargent of Virginie Avegno Gautreau. Sargent had hoped that Madame X would make his reputation. The portrait did make him famous, or infamous, because of its supposed indecency.

《X夫人的畫像》是由年輕移民名流約翰·辛格·薩金特以維吉妮·阿維尼·高雷爲模特創造的一幅名畫。薩金特期待這幅畫能令他名聲大噪。由於被認爲是下流的，這副畫像的確使他名聲鵲起，亦或臭名昭著。

After it was exhibited at the Salon, the portrait was highly criticized and mocked. The major reason behind the criticism was the right strap in the portrait. The strap in the early portrait can be seen falling off her right shoulder, revealing a little more of the model's skin. The scandal that followed was so intense that Sargent had to move to Gautreau family was ashamed of the scandal and pleaded with Sargent to withdraw the painting. Sargent, in an effort to pacify the critics and public, repainted the strap into what we see in the portrait today.

畫作在展出之後，遭到了嚴厲的批判和嘲諷。批評的主要原因是畫像上右邊的肩帶。最初的畫像上，肩帶從模特的右肩滑落，香肩半露。隨之而來的流言蜚語不得不令薩金特移居到英國。高雷家族因這一醜聞而倍感羞愧，並請求薩金特收回畫作。薩金特爲努力平息批評和撫慰公衆，把肩帶修改在今天我們所看到的位置上。

t Rushmore Time Capsule

2.拉什莫爾山的時間膠囊

While it is well-known that Mount Rushmore is incomplete, few people know about its time capsule. While building Rushmore, its chief architect Gutzon Borglum wanted to create a large hall which would serve as a grand room where all of the important documents in American history would be kept. He thought adding important documents and charters like the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution would make the already outstanding monument more significant. Unfortunately, he was hindered by a lack of money and space until he died in 1941, leaving the work incomplete.

拉什莫爾山的不完整衆所周知，但極少人知道它的時間膠囊。在建造拉什莫爾時，它的總建造師博格勒姆想要蓋一座大禮堂作爲一個大會客廳，用來放置所有美國曆史上重要的文件。他認爲，如果放置一些重要的文件和憲章，如《獨立宣言》和《憲法》，能夠使本已解除的紀念碑變得更加意義非凡。不幸的是，資金缺乏和空間有限阻止了他的想法，直到1941年他去世，留下了這未完成的作品。

In 1998, the Constitution, 16 porcelain enamel panels containing the text from the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights along with a memoir of Borglum, and the stories about the presidents sculpted into the mountain were placed in a titanium vault and sealed inside the unfinished hall. These documents are to be left sealed and untouched for thousands of years.

1998年，《憲法》、包含着《獨立宣言》、《人權法案》內容的16塊搪瓷板，連同博格勒姆的回憶錄和山上有雕像的那四位總統們的軼事，都被放入一個鈦保險庫裏，封入爲其建好的大禮堂中。這些文件將被原封不動地封存數千年。

elangelo's Last Judgment

1.米開朗基羅的《最後的審判》

Not long before he died, Pope Clement VII contracted Michelangelo to create a painting of the Last Judgment on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. The drawing is supposed to represent the last day, also called the "Judgment Day," when Jesus Christ would return to the world. The artwork, however, generated some controversy after Michelangelo drew several of the characters naked, showing their private parts, including that of Jesus Christ and his mother Mary.

教皇克萊蒙特七世在去世前不久曾與米開朗基羅訂立合約，讓他在西斯廷教堂的牆壁上創作一幅畫《最後的審判》。這幅畫要表現最後一天，也叫做"審判日"，即耶穌重返世界的日子。然而，當米開朗基羅令包括耶穌及其母親瑪麗在內的幾個人物以裸體呈現，展露出他們的私處後，該作品帶來了一些爭議。

This didn't go down well with a cardinal who began the "Fig Leaf Campaign" with the aim of having the drawing totally removed or heavily censored. The Pope's Master of Ceremony, Biagio da Cesena, also joined in, calling for the censoring or total removal of the drawing, which according to him, was better suited to be displayed in a public bath or bar instead of a church. This angered Michelangelo who then used Cesena's face for the face of Minos—the god of the underworld. He also added the ears of a donkey to it to denote Cesena's "foolishness."The nude images remained in the church till A.D. 1564 when the Council of Trent decided that they should be covered by braghes (literally meaning "pants"), such as fig leaves or draped fabrics. During restoration works in 1993, about half of the braghes put over the characters' private parts were removed and it was seen that Michelangelo had actually painted Minos with a snake coiled round his waist biting him in the groin.

這幅作品在一位發起"無花果葉運動"的紅衣主教那裏並不受歡迎，他的目的是將畫作進行去除或刪減。教廷大司儀切塞納也加入其中，呼籲對畫作進行刪除或完全去除。他認爲這幅畫更適合展示在公共浴室或酒吧裏，而不是教堂。這激怒了米開朗基羅，他用切塞納的臉替換了冥王米諾斯，並且在切塞納的頭上畫了一幅驢的耳朵，以示他的"愚蠢"。直到公元1564年特倫特會議召開前，畫作上的裸體一直存在。特倫特決定，裸體應被braghes（即"褲子"）蓋上，如無花果葉或布料。在1993年修復過程中，約有一半覆蓋人物私處的braghes被移除，可以看得出，米開朗基羅實際上是畫了一條蛇盤踞在米諾斯的腰上並咬他的大腿根兒。

翻譯：豬立葉 來源：前十網