安倍談話維持道歉立場 但稱日本後代不應繼續謝罪

Shinzo Abe on Friday declined to issue his own clear apology for Japan’s wartime actions, as the prime minister maintained the forms of past statements of remorse but sharply changed their context.

安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)週五拒絕發表自己對日本戰時行爲的明確道歉，這位日本首相在形式上保留了日本政府過去有關反省的聲明，但大幅改變了相關背景。

In a landmark statement on the 70th anniversary of Japan’s surrender in the second world war, Mr Abe said he upheld past apologies but reframed them in a more nationalist narrative about resistance to western colonialism.

在紀念日本二戰投降70週年的里程碑式談話中，安倍表示維持過去的道歉，但將其重新組織成更具民族主義色彩的有關抵抗西方殖民主義的表述。

By repeating crucial phrases used by past Japanese prime ministers, such as “colonial rule” and “aggression”, Mr Abe may have done enough to avoid a sharp backlash from former enemies in China and South Korea.

安倍重複了歷任日本首相使用過的關鍵措辭，比如“殖民統治”和“侵略”，這樣一來或許足以避免日本在中國和韓國曾經的敵人劇烈反彈。

However, he also signalled to his right-wing base that Japan’s interpretation of history is not settled, and the country does not intend to keep apologising forever. “We must not let our children, grandchildren, and even further generations to come, who have nothing to do with that war, be predestined to apologise,” the prime minister said.

然而，安倍也向右翼羣體表示，日本對歷史的解釋還沒有定，日本不打算永遠道歉。他說：“與戰爭沒有任何關係的我們的子孫，以及以後的世代，不應揹負繼續謝罪的宿命。”

Speaking at his official residence in Tokyo, Mr Abe delivered his statement — much longer than those on the 50th and 60th anniversaries — calmly and without great emotion.

安倍在東京首相官邸發表談話時，平靜而沒有流露強烈的情緒，談話篇幅比日本投降50週年和60週年時的談話長許多。

“I bow my head deeply before the souls of all those who perished both at home and abroad,” he said. “I express my feelings of profound grief and my eternal, sincere condolences.”

他說：“我向日本國內外所有死難者的亡靈深鞠躬。我在此表示痛惜和永遠誠摯的哀悼。”

When it came to apology or culpability, however, Mr Abe often spoke in generalities. “Incident, aggression, war — we shall never again resort to any form of threat,” he said. “We shall abandon colonial rule forever.”

然而，在道歉和認罪問題上，安倍經常是泛泛地表態。“事變，侵略，戰爭。再也不能將武力恐嚇和行使作爲解決國際爭端的手段，”他說。“世界應該徹底告別殖民統治。”

China and South Korea, both deeply suspicious of a prime minister they regard as an unrepentant nationalist, had demanded a clear apology. But rather than make one himself, Mr Abe chose to uphold those of the past.

中國和韓國都對他們眼中這位不思悔改的民族主義日本首相深感懷疑，要求日本明確地道歉。但是，安倍本人並未做出自己的道歉，而是選擇維持歷屆日本政府的道歉。

“Japan has repeatedly expressed the feelings of deep remorse and heartfelt apology for its actions during the war,” he said. “Such positions articulated by the previous cabinets will remain unshakeable in the future.”

“我國對過去那場大戰中的行爲，反覆表達了深刻的反省和由衷的歉意，”他說。“歷代內閣的立場在今後也不會動搖。”

Mr Abe started his statement by describing the “vast colonies possessed mainly by western powers” and how Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War had encouraged subject peoples to resist colonial rule — an anti-colonial narrative that is important to how nationalists view Japan’s history.

安倍談話一開篇，首先描繪了“主要被西方強國佔據的廣大殖民地”，以及日本在日俄戰爭中的勝利是如何激勵受壓迫的人民抵抗殖民統治的——這種反殖民表述對民族主義者如何看待日本歷史非常重要。

Mr Abe did not refer to the suffering of “comfort women” who were forced into prostitution by Japan’s army during the war, but he did make a fresh acknowledgment of the sexual violence that accompanied the war.

安倍沒有提及“慰安婦”遭受的苦難，但他的確第一次承認二戰中發生的性暴力。在二戰期間，“慰安婦”被強虜進日本軍隊提供性服務。

“We will engrave in our hearts the past, when the dignity and honour of many women were severely injured during wars in the 20th century,” he said.

“我們將把過去銘記在心，不能忘記在20世紀的戰爭裏尊嚴與名譽被深深傷害的女性們，”他說。

Thousands of women from Korea, China and the Philippines were forced into sexual slavery in Japanese military brothels during the second world war.

在二戰期間，數以千計來自朝鮮、中國和菲律賓的女性被迫成爲了日軍的性奴隸。