中國首家互聯網銀行正式營業
A keystroke by Chinese premier Li Keqiang marked the launch of China’s first online-only bank, reflecting the government’s hope that a new crop of privately owned lenders will expand access to finance for credit-starved smaller borrowers.
中國國務院總理李克強的一個按鍵，標誌着中國首家互聯網銀行的正式營業，這也反映出中國政府希望新型的民營銀行能夠擴大亟需貸款的小規模借款者的融資渠道。WeBank, a joint venture led by Chinese gaming and social network group Tencent Holdings, became the first private bank to start operations under a new pilot, after the banking regulator granted licenses to six such institutions last year. Its name comes from WeChat, Tencent’s wildly popular instant messaging and social networking app.
由中國遊戲和社交網絡集團騰訊控股(Tencent Holdings)發起創建的合資企業微衆銀行(WeBank)，成爲首家根據試點計劃開展業務的民營銀行，去年，銀監會向5家類似的機構發放了牌照。微衆銀行的名字來源於騰訊大受歡迎的即時通訊和社交網絡應用微信(WeChat)。
An affiliate of ecommerce heavyweight Alibaba has also been cleared to launch an internet-based bank in partnership with Fosun International.
電子商務巨擘阿里巴巴(Alibaba)旗下一家子公司也獲得批准，與復星國際(Fosun International)合作創建一家互聯網銀行。
“We will lower costs for and deliver practical benefits to small clients, while forcing traditional financial institutions to accelerate reforms,” Mr Li said at an opening ceremony in Shenzhen, according to the official Xinhua news agency. “It’s one small step for WeBank, one giant step for financial reform.”
據官方新聞通訊社新華社的報道，李克強在深圳微衆銀行的開業儀式上表示，我們要“要降低成本讓小微客戶切實受益”，“這是微衆銀行的一小步，卻是金融改革的一大步。”Small, privately owned companies have long struggled to obtain loans from state-owned banks, which prefer lending to larger, state-owned groups. Economists say small and medium-sized companies provide about 60 per cent of China’s gross domestic product and about 75 per cent of new jobs.
長期以來，小型民營企業一直很難從國有銀行取得貸款，這些銀行更願意貸款給規模較大的國有企業。經濟學家表示，中小企業佔中國國內生產總值(GDP)的60%左右，佔新增就業的75%左右。Tencent and Alibaba plan to exploit a Big Data advantage, using troves of user data to evaluate credit risk of small borrowers. With the press of a button on Sunday, Mr Li sent dispatched a Rmb35,000 ($5,600) loan to a truck driver. Analysts expect most loans will be under Rmb1m.
騰訊和阿里巴巴計劃利用大數據優勢，利用用戶數據庫評估小型借款者的信貸風險。上週日，在按下回車鍵後，李克強向一名卡車司機發放了3.5萬元人民幣(合5600美元)貸款。分析師預測，多數貸款將爲100萬元人民幣以下。A key challenge for WeBank and other internet lenders will be attracting deposits. WeBank will be China’s first online-only bank and will not have any physical branches, the main channel by which traditional banks draw in funds.
微衆銀行和其他互聯網銀行面臨的一個重要挑戰在於吸引存款。微衆銀行將成爲中國首家互聯網銀行，不會設立任何實體分支機構，而傳統銀行通過分支機構吸收資金。But Alibaba and Tencent have already proven their ability to attract funds into deposit-like money-market funds sold online and through their websites and mobile applications. Both have mobile payment services that enable users to store funds in their accounts.
但阿里巴巴和騰訊已證明它們有能力吸引資金投入它們在網上以及通過網站和移動應用銷售的存款類貨幣市場基金。兩家公司都擁有移動支付服務，用戶可以將資金存入自己的賬戶。China’s banking regulator recently loosened enforcement of the maximum 75 per cent loan-to-deposit ratio, allowing placements by non-bank financial institutions to count as deposits under the calculation. That will ease the burden of compliance for institutions with small retail deposit bases.
中國銀監會最近放鬆了最高75%的貸存比規定，在計算存貸比時，允許非銀行金融機構將同業存款視爲存款。這將減輕散戶存款基數較小機構的合規負擔。China also revealed a new deposit insurance scheme last year intended to insure all deposits under Rmb500,000. That should make it easier for upstart lenders to compete for funds with state-owned banks widely viewed as carrying a government guarantee.
去年，中國還推出了新的存款保險制度，旨在爲低於50萬元人民幣的所有存款提供保險。這應會讓初創銀行更容易與國有銀行爭奪資金，國有銀行被普遍認爲擁有政府擔保。The online-only format could streamline customer service in an industry where even simple transactions such as exchanging currency often involve lengthy bureaucracy.
互聯網模式可以簡化客戶服務，在傳統銀行業，即便是簡單的換匯交易也通常需要很長的手續辦理時間。Prior to the pilot programme approval of six privately owned bank, Minsheng Bank was China’s only privately owned commercial bank.
在批准5家民營銀行的試點計劃之前，民生銀行是中國唯一一家民營商業銀行。
