拉登隱祕生活曝光 超速被查牛仔帽護身

Osama bin Laden lived in plain sight for almost a decade and was once even pulled over for speeding but not apprehended, thanks to the incompetence of Pakistan's intelligence and security services, an official report into his killing said on Monday.

The 337-page report is widely believed to have been completed months ago, but it only became public Monday after the news organization Al Jazeera obtained a copy and uploaded the report to its Web site.

Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry confirmed the authenticity of the report but declined to comment on it.

The independent committee was commissioned following outrage within Pakistan over the U.S. raid in 2011. The panel interviewed more than 200 people, including bin Laden’s wives and couriers, senior military and intelligence officials and local officials in Abbottabad.

According to those interviews, the report establishes a timeline that first places bin Laden in Pakistan in early 2002 after he evaded U.S. capture during the battle of Bora Bora in Afghanistan. Though gaps remain in his whereabouts during that time, the report suggests bin Laden traveled throughout northwestern Pakistan for several years, settling at different times in Peshawar and Swat, a militant stronghold. For two years, bin Laden then lived in “a big house with two hallways, three bedrooms” in Haripur, less than 50 miles from the Pakistani capital of Islamabad.

In 2005, bin Laden moved his extended family to Abbottabad, where he likely remained for six years until the Navy Seals landed two helicopters and blasted through a door and killed him, according to a report. Local officials said they were surprised he was there, and the report notes that bin Laden was isolated and that his children rarely went outside.

But local officials missed several signs that could have signaled to the country’s usually diligent intelligence services that they needed to take a closer look.

The report noted, for example, that bin Laden’s compound had four electric meters, presumably to “ensure that none would indicate any excessive consumption of gas and electricity.” Local officials “should have immediately noticed the ruse,” the report states.

The report offers fascinating details about life on the run for the world's most wanted man, who, it says, wore a cowboy hat to avoid being spotted from above.

Written by a judge-led commission that the Pakistani government set up shortly after U.S. special forces killed bin Laden in 2011, the 336-page report is based on interviews with 201 sources including members of his family and various officials.

In one testimony showing how close bin Laden came to being captured, "Maryam", the wife of one of his most trusted aides, recounted how his car was stopped by Pakistani police in the Swat region.

"Once when they were all ... on a visit to the bazaar they were stopped for speeding by a policeman," the report says. "But her (Maryam's) husband quickly settled the matter with the policeman and they drove on."

To avoid detection from the sky, bin Laden took to wearing a cowboy hat when moving about his compound in the city of Abbottabad, his wives told investigators.

The inquiry's findings - which have not yet been officially published - include evidence of incompetence at almost every level of Pakistan's security apparatus. The report is also fiercely critical of the "illegal manner" in which the United States conducted the raid.

It chastises Pakistan's leadership for failing to detect CIA activities on its soil, and does not rule out the involvement of rogue elements within the Pakistani intelligence service - a sensitive issue even to touch on in a high-profile inquiry.

"The U.S. acted like a criminal thug," says the report by the Abbottabad Commission.

"But above all, the tragedy refers to the comprehensive failure of Pakistan to detect the presence of OBL (Osama bin Laden) on its territory for almost a decade or to discern the direction of U.S. policy towards Pakistan that culminated in the avoidable humiliation of the people of Pakistan."

CULPABLE NEGLIGENCE

After a decade-long hunt, the CIA finally tracked down the al Qaeda leader to a compound within sight of an elite Pakistani military academy in Abbottabad, close to the capital Islamabad.

In a night-time mission by U.S. Navy SEALs, bin Laden was killed on May 2 that year in an episode that humiliated Pakistan's military and strained relations between the strategic allies Washington and Islamabad.

"As for (failing to detect) the CIA network, there was culpable negligence and incompetence," the report says.

"Although the possibility of some degree of connivance inside or outside the government cannot be entirely discounted, no individual can be identified as guilty of connivance."

Pakistan's government and security officials could not immediately be reached for comment.

Bin Laden's network killed nearly 3,000 people when al Qaeda hijackers crashed commercial planes into New York's World Trade Center, the Pentagon outside Washington and a field in Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001.

Some U.S. officials have voiced suspicions that Pakistan's intelligence agencies sheltered bin Laden, but Pakistan has dismissed the idea.

LIFE ON THE RUN

The report offers insights into the dramatic night of his death and paints a picture of a restless and paranoid man who often hit the road to avoid being caught.

Bin Laden arrived in Pakistan in the spring or summer of 2002, the report says, at one point spending two years in Haripur before moving to the Abbottabad compound with his big family in August 2005.

"All the places in Pakistan where OBL stayed are not fully known," the report says. "But it included FATA (South Waziristan and Bajaur), Peshawar, Swat and Haripur."

It found that he probably crossed into Pakistan from Afghanistan's Tora Bora area, where U.S. forces were hunting him, sometime in 2002. His family moved from Afghanistan's Kandahar to Karachi shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

"They kept a very low profile and lived extremely frugally. They never exposed themselves to public view. They had minimum security," the report says.

"OBL successfully minimized any 'signature' of his presence. His minimal support group blended easily with the surrounding community ... His wives, children and grandchildren hardly ever emerged from the places where they stayed. No one ever visited them, not even trusted al Qaeda members."

His wives, in their testimonies, said bin Laden was not fond of personal possessions and had very few clothes.

"Before coming to Abbottabad he had just three pairs of shalwar kameez (traditional dress) for summer, and three pairs for winter," the report also had a black jacket and two sweaters, the report said. Why didn't bin Laden have tougher protection? He "trusted in Allah for his protection" and had just two bodyguards.

"Whenever OBL felt unwell (unofficial U.S. accounts indicate he suffered from Addison's disease), he treated himself with traditional Arab medicine ... and whenever he felt sluggish he would take some chocolate with an apple."

He "did not discuss political matters with his wives." But Bin Laden "personally saw to the religious education of his grandchildren and supervised their play time, which included cultivating vegetable plots with simple prizes for best performances."

The witnesses said that the Americans made off with a hard disc that belonged to bin Laden—but also with what the report calls 20 gold “biscuits” and two gold lockets with emeralds (page 40).

“They also took a purse that contained the will of Osama bin Laden,” the report says.

One of bin Laden's wives “had previously read the will but did not wish to divulge the details. She said it was not political and pertained only to personal and family related matters. Other reports suggested that the will said his children should not seek the leadership of Al-Qaida.”據外媒報道，巴基斯坦一份官方報告7月8日曝光，披露了基地組織前頭目本·拉登在巴境內的鮮爲人知的生活細節。

*** 逃難阿伯塔巴德

這份報告共有337頁。有人認爲，報告早在幾個月前便已經完成。半島電視臺於8日上傳到網上，這份報告才大白於天下。巴基斯坦外交部證實，這份報告是真的，但拒絕評論。

2011年，巴基斯坦政府派遣一個獨立委員會，詢問了201人，其中包括拉登的妻子和信使、巴基斯坦高級軍官、情報官員、以及拉登藏身之處——阿伯塔巴德的當地官員。

報告顯示，2002年初，拉登爲躲避美國追捕，逃離阿富汗，進入巴基斯坦。後來，拉登在巴基斯坦西北部遊蕩了好幾年，曾先後出現在軍事重地白沙瓦和斯瓦特。拉登在哈里普爾住過2年，他的住處“有2個走廊和3間臥室”。哈里普爾距離巴基斯坦首都伊斯蘭堡不到80公里。

2005年，拉登帶着全家人移居阿伯塔巴德，在那裏住了大約6年。最後，美國海豹突擊隊派出兩架直升機發動突擊，將拉登擊斃。當地官員稱，他們很驚訝拉登就在這裏。報告還提到，拉登過着與世隔絕的生活，他的孩子們也很少外出。

報告指出，當地官員忽略了諸多可疑跡象。比如拉登的住宅大院有四個電錶，當地官員“應該立刻注意到這一點”。

***牛仔帽護身

另外，這個全世界頭號通緝犯在潛逃生涯中還有一些有趣的細節。據說，拉登出門時戴着一頂寬邊牛仔帽，以防止被空中偵察系統發現。

拉登親信的妻子“瑪利亞姆”表示，拉登曾因超速駕駛被警察攔下，卻並未被捕。報告寫道：“有一次，他們在去一個集市的路上因爲超速被一名警察攔住了，但她（瑪麗亞姆）的丈夫迅速打發掉了警察，他們得以繼續上路。”

*** 官方疏忽受批評

這份報告有證據表明，巴基斯坦各個層次的安全機構效能低下。報告同時猛烈批評美國採取“非法手段”擊斃拉登。報告說：“將近10年來，巴基斯坦未能在自己的國土內發現拉登，並且未能看清楚美國的對巴政策，致使巴基斯坦人民受到侮辱。……中央情報局未能有所發現，其疏忽和無能應該受到批評。”

經過10年的追蹤，美國中央情報局終於在阿伯塔巴德某高級軍事學院附近的一個院落裏發現了拉登。2011年5月2日，美國海軍海豹突擊隊在夜間行動中擊斃。這次行動也是對巴方軍隊的侮辱，並導致美巴兩國關係緊張。

2001年9月11日，基地組織劫機者駕駛商用飛機撞向紐約世貿大廈、五角大樓和賓夕法尼亞州，約3000人遇難。

有美國官員懷疑巴基斯坦情報機構掩護拉登，但巴基斯坦予以否認。

*** 兩個保鏢

這份報告不僅提供了拉登死亡當晚的戲劇性情節，還透露不安和偏執的拉登常常爲躲避搜捕而亡命天涯。

報告稱：“拉登家人行動非常低調，生活極爲簡樸。他們從不讓自己暴露在公衆的目光中。他們只有最低安保措施，”

“拉登成功地掩蓋了表明他存在的“標誌”。他精簡的後勤團隊很容易與周圍的社區融和......他的妻子、兒女和孫子孫女很少走出他們居住的大院。沒人來拜訪他們，即使是最受信任的基地組織成員。”

他的兩位妻子在證詞中說，拉登不喜歡私人財物，他的衣服也很少。

報告說，“他來到阿伯塔巴德之前，冬夏各有三套服裝”，還有一件黑色夾克和兩件毛衣。拉登“相信真主會保護他”，只帶了兩名貼身保鏢。

“他感到身體不適的時候（美國非官方報道暗示他患有阿笛森氏病），就用傳統的阿拉伯藥物進行治療......他無精打采的時候，就吃巧克力和蘋果。”

拉登“從不與妻子討論政治問題，但親自指導孫兒們的宗教教育，帶他們玩遊戲。拉登鼓勵孩子們開墾小塊菜地，表現最好的還有小禮物。”

***美軍帶走拉登珠寶和遺囑

據證人說，美國人拿走了拉登的1個硬盤、20個“金餅”、2個有祖母綠的金匣子、以及裝有拉登遺囑的錢包。

拉登的一個妻子“此前曾讀過這份遺囑，但不想泄露細節。她說，遺囑和政治無關，只涉及私人和家庭事務。其他報告暗示，拉登在遺囑中囑咐，他的孩子不應擔任基地組織的領導者。